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“No man knows till he has suffered from the night how sweet and dear to his heart and eye the morning can be.”
~ Friedrich Schiller
Wikiquote (Friedrich Schiller (Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (November 10, 1759 – May 9, 1805) a German poet, philosopher, historian, and playwright. During the last seventeen years of his life (1788 – 1805), Schiller struck up a productive, if complicated, friendship with already famous and influential Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.)
November 10th, 1202
Crusades:
1202 - Fourth Crusade; Siege of Zara - Despite letters from Pope Innocent III forbidding it and threatening excommunication, Catholic crusaders begin a siege of the Catholic city of Zara (now Zadar, Croatia).
Wikipedia Image: The Siege of Antioch, from a 15th-century miniature; After the successful siege of Jerusalem in 1099, Godfrey of Bouillon, leader of the First Crusade, became the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem; Baldwin I of Jerusalem; Medieval image of Peter the Hermit, leading knights, soldiers and women toward Jerusalem during the First Crusade; The Battle of Ager Sanguinis, 1337 miniature; Pope Innocent III excommunicating the Albigensians, Massacre against the Albigensians by the crusaders; The capture of Jerusalem marked the First Crusade's success.
November 10th, 1444
Ottoman Empire (Turkish Empire or Turkey):
1444 - Ottoman wars in Europe: Battle of Varna; The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw III of Poland) are crushed by the Turks under Sultan Murad II and Vladislaus is killed.
Wikipedia Image: Ottoman Empire Maximal extent with the vassal states of the Ottoman Empire in AD 1590s; Battle of Kosovo (1389); Fall of Constantinople (1453); Sultan Mehmed I Ottoman miniature, 1413-1421; Fall of Constantinople (1453); Siege of Rhodes (1522); Battle of Kosovo (1389); Battle of Mohács (1526).
November 10th, 1520
Stockholm Bloodbath: Danish King Christian II of Denmark executes dozens of people after a successful invasion o Sweden.
Wikipedia Painting: Stockholm Bloodbath; The bloodbath itself was a series of events taking place between November 7 and November 9 in 1520, climaxing on the 8th, when around 80-90 people (mostly nobility and clergy supporting the Sture party) were executed, despite a promise by King Christian for general amnesty.
November 10th, 1674
New Netherlands:
1674 - Second Anglo-Dutch War; As provided in the Treaty of Westminster, Netherlands cedes New Netherlands to England.
Wikipedia Painting: The Royal Prince and other vessels at the Four Days Fight, 11–14 June 1666 (Abraham Storck) depicts a battle of the Second Anglo–Dutch War.
Photo:
Statue of Liberty; Manhattan, New York City, credit National Geographics;
The Manhattan Bridge (completed 1909), spanning the East River between Brooklyn and Manhattan Island, New York City, credit: Larry Brownstein / Getty Images;
Central Park, Manhattan, New York City, flanked by the apartment buildings of the Upper East Side, credit: © Bruce Stoddard—FPG International;
New York city, Manhattan through a fish eye view, credit Victor Barajas Photography.
November 10th, 1702
Queen Anne's War: Siege of St. Augustine; English colonists under the command of James Moore besiege Spanish Saint Augustine, Florida.
Wikipedia Painting: Major Washington and a wounded General Braddock at the Battle of Monongahela. Lemercier, 1854; Portrait of Washington was painted in 1772 by Charles Willson Peale, and shows Washington in uniform as a colonel of the Virginia Regiment. The original hangs in Lee Chapel at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia. It is the earliest known depiction of Washington; British troops under Edward Braddock near Fort Duquesne, Pa., during the French and Indian War. Credit: MPI / Hulton Archive / Getty Images; Indian from Death of General Wolfe painting By Benjamin West in 1770; Death of General James Wolfe by stray cannon shot at Battle of Quebec in 1759 Painted by Benjamin West in 1770.
Anne, Queen of Great Britain; ascended the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland on March 8th, 1702. On May 1st 1707, under the Act of Union, two of her realms, the kingdoms of England and Scotland, were united as a single sovereign state, the Kingdom of Great Britain.
November 10th, 1766
The last colonial governor of New Jersey aboard the William Franklin, signs the charter of Queen's College (later renamed Rutgers University).
Wikipedia Photo: Rutgers University
November 10th, 1775
United States Marine Corps
1775 - Founded at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia by Samuel Nicholas.
1954 - United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower dedicates the USMC War Memorial (Iwo Jima memorial) in Arlington National Cemetery.
2006 - National Museum of the Marine Corps is opened and dedicated by United States President George W. Bush and announces that Marine Corporal Jason Dunham will receive the Medal of Honor in Quantico, Virginia.
Wikipedia Photo: Marine Corps War Memorial, The statue of the Iwo Jima soldiers stands out clearly against the night sky in the Rosslyn area of Arlington, Virginia, by Catie Drew.
November 10th, 1865
American Civil War:
1865 - Confederate Major Henry Wirz the superintendent of Andersonville Prison is hanged, becoming the only American Civil War soldier executed for war crimes.
Wikipedia Image: ● Lincoln Memorial; an American national monument built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln - located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. across from the Washington Monument.
● The northern army led by George McClellan and the southern army led by Robert E. Lee met at Antietam Creek, Maryland in September, 1862. It was a bloody battle where 13,000 Confederates and 12,000 Union troops died in just one day. McClellan had hesitated to attack before the battle thus letting the southern troops regroup. Also, he had saved reserves and refused to use them at the end of the battle thinking that Lee was holding reserves for a counterattack, even though those reserves didn't exist. The Union victory stopped Lee's northward advance and was a turning point in the war.
● Battle of Antietam / Stone Bridge at Antietam Battlefield - Sharpsburg, Maryland
● First Battle Between Ironclads: CSS Virginia/Merrimac (left) vs. USS Monitor, in 1862 at the Battle of Hampton Roads.
● Although photography was still in its infancy, war correspondents produced thousands of images, bringing the harsh realities of the frontlines to those on the home front in a new and visceral way. The Atlantic.
November 10th, 1919
American Legion first national convention is held in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Wikipedia Photo: American Legion Indiana Headquarters, credit Indiana War Memorial.
November 10th, 1940
Earthquake
1940 - Vrancea earthquake strikes Romania killing an estimated 1,000 and injuring approximately 4,000 more.
Wikipedia Image: Preliminary Determination of Epicenters / Aleppo Syria; Anchorage, Alaska - March 28, 1964 Prince William Sound USA earthquake and tsunami; 8.9 Mega Earthquake Strikes Japan; Tsunami Swirls Japan's Ibaraki Prefecture March 12 2011. credit NOAA / NGDC, NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, USGS, National Geographics.
November 10th, 1942
World War II:
1942 - Germany invades Vichy France following French Admiral François Darlan's agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.
1944 - The ammunition ship USS Mount Hood explodes at Seeadler Harbour, Manus, Admiralty Islands, killing at least 432 and wounding 371.
Post World War II:
1945 - Battle of Surabaya; in Surabaya between Indonesian nationalists and returning colonialists after World War II, today celebrated as Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan).
Wikipedia Photo: Bombing of Dresden in World War II; August Schreitmüller's sculpture 'Goodness' surveys Dresden after a firestorm started by Allied bombers in 1945.
USS Bunker Hill was hit by kamikazes piloted by Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa and another airman on 11 May 1945. 389 personnel were killed or missing from a crew of 2,600; Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa, who flew his aircraft into the USS Bunker Hill during a Kamikaze mission on 11 May 1945; Kamikaze Missions - Lt Yoshinori Yamaguchi's Yokosuka D4Y3 (Type 33 Suisei) "Judy" in a suicide dive against USS Essex. The dive brakes are extended and the non-self-sealing port wing tank is trailing fuel vapor and/or smoke 25 November 1944.
German V1 flying-bomb and V2 Rockets - Preparations for a Salvo Launch of V-2 Rockets in the Heidelager near Blizna (Poland) (1944), credit German History in Documents and Images GHDI.
Eastern Front (World War II); Germans race towards Stalingrad. August 1942; Soviet children during a German air raid in the first days of the war, June 1941, by RIA Novosti archive; Soviet sniper Roza Shanina in 1944. About 400,000 Soviet women served in front-line duty units Caucasus Mountains, winter 1942/43; Finnish ski patrol: the invisible enemy of the Soviet Army with an unlimited supply of skis; Men of the German Engineers Corps cross a river which is swollen after the first autumn rains, to strengthen bridges linking the German positions on the central front in Russia. by Keystone / Getty Images. October 1942; Russian snipers fighting on the Leningrad front during a blizzard. Photo by Hulton Archive / Getty Images, 1943; German soldiers surrendering to the Russians in Stalingrad, the soldier holding the white flag of surrender is dressed in white so that there could be no doubt of his intentions, a Russian soldier is on the right of the photograph. by Keystone / Getty Images, January 1943.
November 10th, 1958
Hope Diamond is donated to the Smithsonian Institution by New York diamond merchant Harry Winston.
Wikipedia Photo: Hope Diamond, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History.
November 10th, 1969
Sesame Street debuts on National Educational Television (the predecessor to the Public Broadcasting Service).
Wikipedia Photo: Sesame Street characters; Big Bird, some of the most well-known Muppets of Sesame Street.
November 10th, 1970
Vietnam War:
1970 - The Vietnamization For the first time in five years, an entire week ends with no reports of American combat fatalities in Southeast Asia.
1971 - In Cambodia, Khmer Rouge forces attack the city of Phnom Penh and its airport, killing 44, wounding at least 30 and damaging nine aircraft.
Wikipedia Photo: Vietnam War: Hovering U.S. Army helicopters pour machine gun fire into a tree line to cover the advance of South Vietnamese ground troops in an attack on a Viet Cong camp 18 miles north of Tay Ninh, northwest of Saigon near the Cambodian border, in Vietnam on March 1965. (AP Photo / Horst Faas) / Boston Globe