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“No man knows till he has suffered from the night how sweet and dear to his heart and eye the morning can be.”
~ Lewis Carroll
Wikiquote (Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson January 27, 1832 – January 14, 1898), better known by the pen name Lewis Carroll, an English writer, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon and photographer. His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass, as well as the poems "The Hunting of the Snark" and "Jabberwocky", all examples of the genre of literary nonsense.)
November 9th, 694
Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery.
Wikipedia Photo: Lisbon, Portugal - Monument to the Portuguese maritime discoveries.
November 9th, 1330
Hungarian-Wallachian Wars: Battle of Posada: Wallachian Voievode Basarab I defeats the Hungarian army in an ambush.
Wikipedia Painting: Hungarian-Wallachian Wars; Dezső sacrifices himself protecting Charles Robert. by József Molnár, oil on canvas in 1855
November 9th, 1620
Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower sight land at Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
Wikipedia Painting: "Mayflower", The Granger Collection, New York 1905; Pilgrims landing on Cape Cod in November of 1620; The Pilgrims on the Speedwell; Mayflower arrived inside the tip of Cape Cod fishhook, November 1620 (satellite image, 1997); Landing of the Pilgrims by Michele Felice Cornè, circa 1805. Displayed in the White House.
November 9th, 1688
Glorious Revolution:
1688 - William of Orange lands at Brixham.
Wikipedia Painting: Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688: James II King of England & James VII King of Scots, King of Ireland and Duke of Normandy ● William III, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, stadtholder of Guelders, Holland, Zealand, Utrecht and Overijssel ● Henry Sydney, author of the Invitation to William, which was signed by six noblemen (both Whigs and Tories) and one bishop. He has been described as "the great wheel on which the Revolution rolled" ● Francisco Lopes Suasso, who partly financed the invasion ● William of Orange launched a colossal armada to seize the throne from Catholic King James II ● New England's Siege of Louisbourg (1745) by Peter Monamy.
November 9th, 1764
French and Indian War:
1764 - Mary Campbell, a captive of the Lenape is turned over to forces commanded by Colonel Henry Bouquet.
Wikipedia Painting: Major Washington and a wounded General Braddock at the Battle of Monongahela. Lemercier, 1854; Portrait of Washington was painted in 1772 by Charles Willson Peale, and shows Washington in uniform as a colonel of the Virginia Regiment. The original hangs in Lee Chapel at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia. It is the earliest known depiction of Washington; British troops under Edward Braddock near Fort Duquesne, Pa., during the French and Indian War. Credit: MPI / Hulton Archive / Getty Images; Indian from Death of General Wolfe painting By Benjamin West in 1770; Death of General James Wolfe by stray cannon shot at Battle of Quebec in 1759 Painted by Benjamin West in 1770.
November 9th, 1780
American Revolutionary War:
1780 - Battle of Fishdam Ford; a force British and Loyalist troops fail in a surprise attack against the South Carolina Patriot militia under Brigadier General Thomas Sumter.
Wikipedia Paintings: Washington Crossing the Delaware, by Emanuel Leutz; Battle of the Chesapeake, French (left) and British (right) lines; Battle of Bunker Hill, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill by John Trumbull; The Defeat of the Floating Batteries at Gibraltar, September 13, 1782, by John Singleton Copley; Washington and the Comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown, 1781; "The surrender at Saratoga" shows General Daniel Morgan in front of a French de Vallière 4-pounder; Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown by (John Trumbull, 1797).
November 9th, 1799
French Revolutionary Wars / Napoleonic Wars:
1799 - General Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Coup d'état of 18 Brumaire ending the Directory government, and becoming one of its three Consuls (Consulate Government).
Wikipedia Painting: Battle of Trafalgar: The British HMS Sandwich fires to the French flagship Bucentaure (completely dismasted) in the battle of Trafalgar;
Napoleon in Berlin (Meynier). After defeating Prussian forces at Jena, the French Army entered Berlin on 27 October 1806;
Battle of the Bridge of Arcole Napoleon Bonaparte leading his troops over the bridge of Arcole, by Horace Vernet;
Napoleon as King of Italy (Appiani);
Napoleon Crossing the Alps (David). In 1800 Bonaparte took the French Army across the Alps, eventually defeating the Austrians at Marengo;
Charge of the Russian Imperial Guard cavalry against French cuirassiers at the Battle of Friedland, 14 June 1807;
Battle of Borodino as depicted by Louis Lejeune. The battle was the largest and bloodiest single-day action of the Napoleonic Wars;
Napoleon's withdrawal from Russia, a painting by Adolph Northen;
Wellington at Waterloo by Robert Alexander Hillingford;
Napoleon is often represented in his green colonel uniform of the Chasseur à Cheval, with a large bicorne and a hand-in-waistcoat gesture.
General Bonaparte during the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire in Saint-Cloud, painting by François Bouchot (1840).
November 9th, 1857
The Atlantic founded in Boston.
Wikipedia Photo: The Atlantic Monthly cover.
November 9th, 1862
American Civil War:
1862 - Union General Ambrose Burnside assumes command of the Army of the Potomac, after George B. McClellan is removed.
Wikipedia Image: ● Lincoln Memorial; an American national monument built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln - located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. across from the Washington Monument.
● The northern army led by George McClellan and the southern army led by Robert E. Lee met at Antietam Creek, Maryland in September, 1862. It was a bloody battle where 13,000 Confederates and 12,000 Union troops died in just one day. McClellan had hesitated to attack before the battle thus letting the southern troops regroup. Also, he had saved reserves and refused to use them at the end of the battle thinking that Lee was holding reserves for a counterattack, even though those reserves didn't exist. The Union victory stopped Lee's northward advance and was a turning point in the war.
● Battle of Antietam / Stone Bridge at Antietam Battlefield - Sharpsburg, Maryland
● First Battle Between Ironclads: CSS Virginia/Merrimac (left) vs. USS Monitor, in 1862 at the Battle of Hampton Roads.
● Although photography was still in its infancy, war correspondents produced thousands of images, bringing the harsh realities of the frontlines to those on the home front in a new and visceral way. The Atlantic.
November 9th, 1872
Great Boston Fire of 1872 was Boston's largest urban fire, and still ranks as one of the most costly fire-related property losses in American history.
Wikipedia Photo: Great Boston Fire of 1872; Boston, Massachusetts, after the great fire of November 9-10, 1872. View full size. Albumen print by Joshua Smith.
November 9th, 1888
Jack the Ripper kills Mary Jane Kelly, his last known victim.
Wikipedia Sketch - Painting: "With the Vigilance Committee in the East End: A Suspicious Character" from The Illustrated London News, 13 October 1888 / Mary Ann Nichols, the first victim of London serial killer "Jack the Ripper".
November 9th, 1906
Theodore Roosevelt is the first sitting President of the United States to make an official trip outside the country. He did so to inspect progress on the Panama Canal.
Wikipedia Painting: Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1908: Twenty-sixth president. Led fight against collusive restraint of trade by big business.
November 9th, 1913
Great Lakes Storm of 1913: the most destructive natural disaster ever to hit the lakes, destroys 19 ships and kills more than 250 people.
Wikipedia Image: Great Lakes Storm of 2010. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
November 9th, 1917
Russian Revolution:
1917 - Joseph Stalin enters the provisional government of Bolshevik Russia.
Wikipedia Image: The Russian Revolution is the collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union
November 9th, 1918
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates after the German Revolution, and Germany is proclaimed a Republic.
Wikipedia Image: Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Czar Nicholas II of Russia, credit Library of Congress (George Grantham Bain Collection).
November 9th, 1923
Beer Hall Putsch: in Munich, Germany, police and government troops crush the Beer Hall Putsch in Bavaria. (Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government.)
Wikipedia Photo: Adolf Hitler’s 12 years as ruler of Germany, which led to the deaths of millions in World War II, have made him one of history’s most hated villains. A decorated veteran of World War I, Hitler joined the German Workers’ Party in 1919, later renaming it the National Socialist German Workers Party (which was shortened to the Nazi Party).
November 9th, 1937
World War II:
1937 - Japanese troops take control of Shanghai, China.
1940 - Warsaw is awarded the Virtuti Militari.
Aftermath_of_World_War_II:
1947 - India forcibly annexes Junagadh from Pakistan.
1953 - Cambodia becomes independent from France.
Wikipedia Photo: Bombing of Dresden in World War II; August Schreitmüller's sculpture 'Goodness' surveys Dresden after a firestorm started by Allied bombers in 1945.
USS Bunker Hill was hit by kamikazes piloted by Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa and another airman on 11 May 1945. 389 personnel were killed or missing from a crew of 2,600; Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa, who flew his aircraft into the USS Bunker Hill during a Kamikaze mission on 11 May 1945; Kamikaze Missions - Lt Yoshinori Yamaguchi's Yokosuka D4Y3 (Type 33 Suisei) "Judy" in a suicide dive against USS Essex. The dive brakes are extended and the non-self-sealing port wing tank is trailing fuel vapor and/or smoke 25 November 1944;
November 9th, 1938
World War II: Holocaust;
1938 - Nazis German diplomat Ernst vom Rath dies from the fatal gunshot wounds of Jewish resistance fighter Herschel Grynszpan, an act which the Nazis used as an excuse to instigate the 1938 national pogrom, also known as Kristallnacht.
Wikipedia Photo: World War II, The Holocaust. Sources: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum USHMM, History 1900s, Internet Masters of Education Technology IMET, Techno Friends, Veterans Today, Concern.
November 9th, 1965
Northeast Blackout of 1965: Several U.S. states and parts of Canada are hit by a series of blackouts lasting up to 13 hours.
Wikipedia Image: Northeast Blackout of 1965.
November 9th, 1970
Vietnam War:
1970 - The Supreme Court of the United States votes 6 to 3 against hearing a case to allow Massachusetts to enforce its law granting residents the right to refuse military service in an undeclared war.
Wikipedia Photo: Vietnam War: Hovering U.S. Army helicopters pour machine gun fire into a tree line to cover the advance of South Vietnamese ground troops in an attack on a Viet Cong camp 18 miles north of Tay Ninh, northwest of Saigon near the Cambodian border, in Vietnam on March 1965. (AP Photo / Horst Faas) / Boston Globe
November 9th, 1979
Cold War:
1979 - Nuclear false alarm: the NORAD computers and the Alternate National Military Command Center in Fort Ritchie, Maryland detected purported massive Soviet nuclear strike. After reviewing the raw data from satellites and checking the early warning radars, the alert is cancelled.
1989 - Fall of the Berlin Wall; Communist-controlled East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall allowing its citizens to travel to West Germany - key event led to the eventual reunification of East and West Germany, and fall of communism in eastern Europe including Russia.
Wikipedia The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin
November 9th, 1993
Stari most, the "old bridge" in Bosnian Mostar built in 1566, collapses after several days of bombing.
Getty Sr. agreed to pay a ransom, although he would only pay $2.2 million of the $17 million because that was the maximum amount that was tax deductible. He loaned the remainder to his son who was responsible for repaying the sum at 4% interest. The reluctant Getty Sr. negotiated a deal and got his grandson back for about $2.9 million. Getty III was found alive in southern Italy on 15 December 1973, shortly after the ransom was paid.
Wikipedia Photo: Stari most
November 9th, 1994
Chemical element Darmstadtium is discovered.
Getty Sr. agreed to pay a ransom, although he would only pay $2.2 million of the $17 million because that was the maximum amount that was tax deductible. He loaned the remainder to his son who was responsible for repaying the sum at 4% interest. The reluctant Getty Sr. negotiated a deal and got his grandson back for about $2.9 million. Getty III was found alive in southern Italy on 15 December 1973, shortly after the ransom was paid.
Wikipedia Image: The element is named after the city where it was first made - Darmstadtium, credit mrsgarciaserrato.edu.glogster
November 9th, 1998
Capital punishment in the United Kingdom: already abolished for murder, is completely abolished for all remaining capital offences.
Wikipedia Photo: Capital punishment; By gas chamber (an apparatus for killing humans or animals with gas, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced).
November 9th, 1998
U.S. federal judge ordered 37 U.S. brokerage houses to pay 1.03 billion USD to cheated NASDAQ investors to compensate for price-fixing (the largest civil settlement in United States history).
Wikipedia Photo: © The Nasdq Board in NYC Times Square District.
November 9th, 2005
Modern conflicts in the Middle East:
2005 - Suicide bombers attacked three hotels in Amman, Jordan, killing at least 60 people.
Wikipedia Photo: Middle East satellite image, NASA. ● Camels are seen early morning on a beach in the Marina area of Dubai October 16, 2008. (Steve Crisp, Reuters) ● A portrait of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad burns during clashes between rebels and Syrian troops in Selehattin, near Aleppo, on July 23, 2012. (Bulent Kilic, AFP / GettyImages) ● Egyptians gather in their thousands in Tahrir Square to mark the one year anniversary of the revolution on Jan. 25, 2012 in Cairo Egypt. Tens of thousands have gathered in the square on the first anniversary of the Arab uprising which toppled President Hosni Mubarak. (Jeff J Mitchell, Getty Images) ● Black smoke rises above the Tehran skyline as supporters of Mir Hossein Mousavi burn tires and other material in the streets as they fight running battles with police to protest the declared results of the Iranian presidential election in Tehran, Iran, Saturday, June 13, 2009. (Ben Curtis, AP) ● The Iron Dome defense system fires to interecpt incoming missiles from Gaza in the port town of Ashdod, Thursday, Nov. 15, 2012. (Tsafrir Abayov, AP)