First Confidential

THIS DAY IN HISTORY - NOVEMBER 1st

Ralph Waldo Emerson, Quote

“The progress of the intellect is to the clearer vision of causes, which neglects surface differences. To the poet, to the philosopher, to the saint, all things are friendly and sacred, all events profitable, all days holy, all men divine.”

~ Ralph Waldo Emerson

Wikiquote (Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.)

(All Saints' Day at a cemetery in Sanok - flowers and light candles to honor the memory of deceased relatives. Poland, November 1st.) (All Saints' Day by Kaj Bjurman, Flickr)

This Day in History

November 1st, 365

Roman Empire Decline and Fall of Rome

Roman Empire:
365 - The Alamanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.

Wikipedia  Image: Relief from a 3rd-century sarcophagus depicting a battle between Romans and Germanic warriors; the central figure is perhaps the emperor Hostilian / Depiction of the Menorah on the Arch of Titus in Rome.

November 1st, 996

Philip II is crowned King of France

Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi (Austria in Old High German).

Wikipedia  Painting: King of France Philip II

November 1st, 1179

Philip II is crowned King of France

Philip II is crowned King of France. Last King of the Franks from 1180 to 1190, and the first King of France, and one of the most successful medieval French monarchs in expanding the royal demesne and the influence of the monarchy.

Wikipedia  Painting: King of France Philip II

November 1st, 1512

The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time

The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time.

Wikipedia  Photo: The Measure of Genius: Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel at 500; The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (left: West, right: East), "an artistic vision without precedent"; The Creation of Adam; The prophet Daniel; Detail from the Great Flood.; Detail of the Face of God; The pendentive of the Brazen serpent with its crowded composition was imitated by Mannerist painters. (unrestored state); The composition is similar to a Flight into Egypt.

November 1st, 1520

The Strait of Magellan is discovered, the passage immediately south of mainland South America, connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first navigated by Ferdinand Magellan during the first global circumnavigation voyage

Portuguese explorers:
1520 - The Ferdinand Magellan discovers a strait now known as Strait of Magellan. The passage immediately south of mainland South America, connecting the Pacific Atlantic Oceans, is first navigated by Ferdinand Magellan during the first global circumnavigation voyage.

Wikipedia  Painting: Map of the Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego in South America; Ferdinand Magellan; Ships of Ferdinand Magellan Rounding Tierra del Fuego to Circumnavigate the Earth 1519 - 1521; Straits of Magellan.

November 1st, 1555

The French Wars of Religion (1562–98): Period of civil infighting and military operations, primarily fought between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots) (The conflict involved the factional disputes between the aristocratic houses of France, such as the House of Bourbon and House of Guise (Lorraine), and both sides received assistance from foreign sources)

French Wars of Religion:
French Huguenots establish the France Antarctique colony in present-day Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Wikipedia  Painting: The French Wars of Religion; (1562–98): Period of civil infighting and military operations, primarily fought between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). (The conflict involved the factional disputes between the aristocratic houses of France, such as the House of Bourbon and House of Guise (Lorraine), and both sides received assistance from foreign sources).
● Depiction of the Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre by François Dubois. ● Armed procession of the Catholic League in Paris in 1590, Musée Carnavalet. ● Catherine de' Medici One morning at the gates of the Louvre, 19th-century painting by Édouard Debat-Ponsan.

November 1st, 1688

Glorious Revolution Collage: William of Orange launched a colossal armada to seize the throne from Catholic King James II

Glorious Revolution:
1688 - William of Orange from Hellevoetsluis in the Netherlands to invade England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England.

Wikipedia  Painting: Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688: James II King of England & James VII King of Scots, King of Ireland and Duke of Normandy ● William III, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, stadtholder of Guelders, Holland, Zealand, Utrecht and Overijssel ● Henry Sydney, author of the Invitation to William, which was signed by six noblemen (both Whigs and Tories) and one bishop. He has been described as "the great wheel on which the Revolution rolled" ● Francisco Lopes Suasso, who partly financed the invasion ● William of Orange launched a colossal armada to seize the throne from Catholic King James II ● New England's Siege of Louisbourg (1745) by Peter Monamy.

November 1st, 1755

Global Earthquake epicenters

Earthquake
1755 - Lisbon earthquake; In Portugal, Lisbonis destroyed by a massive earthquake and tsunami, killing between sixty thousand and ninety thousand people.

Wikipedia  Image: Preliminary Determination of Epicenters / Aleppo Syria; Anchorage, Alaska - March 28, 1964 Prince William Sound USA earthquake and tsunami; 8.9 Mega Earthquake Strikes Japan; Tsunami Swirls Japan's Ibaraki Prefecture March 12 2011. credit NOAA / NGDC, NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, USGS, National Geographics.

November 1st, 1765

British Parliament enacts the Stamp Act on the 13 colonies in order to help pay for British military operations in North America

British Parliament enacts the Stamp Act on the thirteen colonies in order to help pay for British military operations in North America.

Wikipedia  Print: The Stamp Act of 1765 inspired widespread antagonism. This print satirises the repeal of the act in 1766 as the death of the favourite female child, Little Miss America.

November 1st, 1800

US President John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House)

United States President John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House).

Wikipedia  Photo: The White House. North face, with square portico in 2007; South face, with round portico in 2007 (Derek Jensen)

November 1st, 1805

Napoleonic Wars: (1803–15) were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions French Revolutionary Wars, Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay): Battle begins when a British fleet engages the French Revolutionary Navy fleet in an unusual night action

French Revolutionary Wars / Napoleonic Wars:
1805 - War of the Third Coalition; Napoleon invades Austria.
1814 - Congress of Vienna opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France, in the Napoleonic Wars.

Wikipedia  Painting: Battle of Trafalgar: The British HMS Sandwich fires to the French flagship Bucentaure (completely dismasted) in the battle of Trafalgar; Napoleon in Berlin (Meynier). After defeating Prussian forces at Jena, the French Army entered Berlin on 27 October 1806; Battle of the Bridge of Arcole Napoleon Bonaparte leading his troops over the bridge of Arcole, by Horace Vernet; Napoleon as King of Italy (Appiani); Napoleon Crossing the Alps (David). In 1800 Bonaparte took the French Army across the Alps, eventually defeating the Austrians at Marengo; Charge of the Russian Imperial Guard cavalry against French cuirassiers at the Battle of Friedland, 14 June 1807; Battle of Borodino as depicted by Louis Lejeune. The battle was the largest and bloodiest single-day action of the Napoleonic Wars; Napoleon's withdrawal from Russia, a painting by Adolph Northen; Wellington at Waterloo by Robert Alexander Hillingford; Napoleon is often represented in his green colonel uniform of the Chasseur à Cheval, with a large bicorne and a hand-in-waistcoat gesture.
Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay).

November 1st, 1870

United States: the Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast

In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological.

Wikipedia  Image: NOAA-N Prime Satellite via Lockheed Martin; NOAA satellite image, taken August 27, 2012, shows Tropical Storm Isaac.

November 1st, 1876

New Zealand: Auckland in the North Island of New Zealand ● Satellite image of New Zealand ● The Church of the Good Shepherd stands on the shore of New Zealand's Lake Tekapo, credit Thomas Young, National Geographics ● Milford Sound, credit Madan Paul, National Geographics ● Fiordland National Park, credit Brian J. Skerry, National Geographics ● Hunua Falls New Zealand.

Signing of the New Zealand's provincial government system is dissolved.

Wikipedia  Photo: Auckland in the North Island of New Zealand ● Satellite image of New Zealand ● The Church of the Good Shepherd stands on the shore of New Zealand's Lake Tekapo, credit Thomas Young, National Geographics ● Lake Wakatipu - Rocks in Lake Wakatipu, Queenstown, New Zealand, credit Ian Rushton, National Geographics ● Fiordland National Park, credit Brian J. Skerry, National Geographics ● Hunua Falls New Zealand.

November 1st, 1896

National Geographic Magazine: A picture showing the unclad (bare) breasts of a woman appears in the magazine for the first time

National Geographic Magazine: A picture showing the unclad (bare) breasts of a woman appears in the magazine for the first time.

Wikipedia  Photo: Sharbat Gula in the front cover of the June 1985 issue of the magazine. (Sharbat Gula was the subject of Steve McCurry's "Afghan Girl." The photograph was shot in December 1984.)

November 1st, 1911

World War I: Collage

Causes of World War I:
1911 - Italo-Turkish War; The first dropping of a bomb from an airplane in combat.
World War I:
1914 - Battle of Coronel; the first British Royal Navy defeat of the war with Germany, is fought off of the western coast of Chile, in the Pacific, with the loss of HMS Good Hope and HMS Monmouth.
1915 - Parris Island is officially designated a United States Marine Corps Recruit Depot.

Wikipedia  Photo: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV Tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks, and German Albatros D.III biplanes. National Archives and Records Administration.

November 1st, 1937

Stalinists execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's Lutheran community

Stalinists execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's Lutheran community.

Wikipedia  Photo: Paul Hamberg, the last pastor of the Lutheran Church in Baku, with the German youth on confirmation day (1930), credit CA&CC.org

November 1st, 1939

The first rabbit born after artificial insemination is exhibited to the world

The first rabbit born after artificial insemination is exhibited to the world.

Wikipedia  Photo: Rabbits at the Macleay Valley Rabbits farm near Kempsey, Australia.

November 1st, 1942

World War II: Second firestorm raid on Germany, the Royal Air Force conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless World War II: Battle of Leyte Gulf; Battle of Leyte Gulf; The first kamikaze attack: A Japanese plane carrying a 200-kilogram (440 lb) bomb attacks HMAS Australia off Leyte Island World War II: German V1 flying-bomb and V2 Rockets - Preparations for a Salvo Launch of V-2 Rockets in the Heidelager near Blizna (Poland) (1944) World War II: Eastern Front (World War II); was a theatre of World War II between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland, and some other Allies which encompassed Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945

World War II:
1942 - Guadalcanal Campaign; Matanikau Offensive begins.
1943 - Battle of Empress Augusta Bay; United States Marines, the 3rd Marine Division, land on Bougainville Island part of the Solomon Islands.
1943 - Bombing of Rabau;l In support of the landings of Bougainville Island, U.S. aircraft carrier forces attack the huge Japanese base at Rabaul.
1944 - Units of the British Army land at Walcheren in the Netherlands.
Post World War II:
1954 - Algerian War of Independence; The Algerian National Liberation Front begins a revolt against French rule.

Wikipedia  Photo: Bombing of Dresden in World War II; August Schreitmüller's sculpture 'Goodness' surveys Dresden after a firestorm started by Allied bombers in 1945. USS Bunker Hill was hit by kamikazes piloted by Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa and another airman on 11 May 1945. 389 personnel were killed or missing from a crew of 2,600; Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa, who flew his aircraft into the USS Bunker Hill during a Kamikaze mission on 11 May 1945; Kamikaze Missions - Lt Yoshinori Yamaguchi's Yokosuka D4Y3 (Type 33 Suisei) "Judy" in a suicide dive against USS Essex. The dive brakes are extended and the non-self-sealing port wing tank is trailing fuel vapor and/or smoke 25 November 1944.
German V1 flying-bomb and V2 Rockets - Preparations for a Salvo Launch of V-2 Rockets in the Heidelager near Blizna (Poland) (1944), credit German History in Documents and Images GHDI.

Eastern Front (World War II); Germans race towards Stalingrad. August 1942; Soviet children during a German air raid in the first days of the war, June 1941, by RIA Novosti archive; Soviet sniper Roza Shanina in 1944. About 400,000 Soviet women served in front-line duty units Caucasus Mountains, winter 1942/43; Finnish ski patrol: the invisible enemy of the Soviet Army with an unlimited supply of skis; Men of the German Engineers Corps cross a river which is swollen after the first autumn rains, to strengthen bridges linking the German positions on the central front in Russia. by Keystone / Getty Images. October 1942; Russian snipers fighting on the Leningrad front during a blizzard. Photo by Hulton Archive / Getty Images, 1943; German soldiers surrendering to the Russians in Stalingrad, the soldier holding the white flag of surrender is dressed in white so that there could be no doubt of his intentions, a Russian soldier is on the right of the photograph. by Keystone / Getty Images, January 1943.

November 1st, 1952

Operation Ivy: The United States successfully detonates the first large hydrogen bomb, codenamed 'Mike' ['M' for megaton], in the Eniwetok atoll, located in the Marshall Islands in the central Pacific Ocean. The explosion had a yield of 10 megatons

Operation Ivy: The United States successfully detonates the first large (10 megaton) hydrogen bomb, codenamed "Mike" ["M" for megaton], in the Eniwetok Atoll, located in the Marshall Islands in the central Pacific Ocean.

Wikipedia  Photo: Hardtack Umbrella underwater nuclear test 8 June 1958 (GMT), Enewetak lagoon Yield: 8 kt; Aerial view of the Cactus dome, Enewetak Atoll.

November 1st, 1955

Aircraft hijacking (also known as skyjacking) is the unlawful seizure of an aircraft by an individual or a group (In most cases, the pilot is forced to fly according to the orders of the hijackers, Occasionally, however, the hijackers have flown the aircraft themselves)

Aircraft hijacking:
1955 - The bombing of United Airlines Flight 629 occurs near Longmont, Colorado killing all 39 passengers and five crew members aboard the Douglas DC-6B airliner.

Wikipedia  Photo: Hijacked Sudan passenger jet lands in Libya, August 27, 2008; Amsterdam false alarm revives airplane hijacking memories, Passengers leave a Vueling plane at a field near Amsterdam Airport after a hijack scare last week that led the Netherlands to scramble F-16 fighter jets, September 2, 2012 Reuters; Egypt Air flight 648 was hijacked in November 1985 by the terrorist Abu Nidal organisation, credit AP; Cockpit section of Pan Am 103 wreckage following a mid-air explosion, December 21, 1988; 747 Pan Am airliner that exploded and crashed over Lockerbie, Scotland, with 259 passengers on board in 1988; Debris lies in a deep gash through the town of Lockerbie, Scotland, caused by the crash of Pan Am flight 103, credit AP; Flight 175 hits the WTC South Tower. The picture was taken from a traffic helicopter. credit: WABC 7/ Salient Stills; Hijacked United Airlines Flight 175 from Boston crashes into the South Tower of the World Trade Center and explodes at 9:03 a.m. on September 11, 2001 in New York City, credit Spencer Platt / Getty Images.

November 1st, 1973

Watergate Scandal: was a political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s as a result of the June 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement

Watergate Scandal: Leon Jaworski is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.

Wikipedia  Photo: Watergate Scandal: was a political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s as a result of the June 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement.
Watergate Complex Washington, DC, credit Watergate Notes; President Richard M. Nixon defended himself against many allegations, National Archives; Oliver F. Atkins' photo of Nixon leaving the White House shortly before his resignation became effective, August 9, 1974.

November 1st, 1982

Honda becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of their factory in Marysville, Ohio

Honda Motor Company becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of their factory in Marysville, Ohio.

Wikipedia  Photo: Honda Motor Company