First Confidential

THIS DAY IN HISTORY - NOVEMBER 13th

Robert Louis Stevenson, Quote

“To be what we are, and to become what we are capable of becoming, is the only end of life.”

~ Robert Louis Stevenson

Wikiquote (Robert Louis Stevenson (November 13, 1850 – December 3, 1894) was a Scottish novelist, poet, and travel writer, and a leading representative of Neo-romanticism in English literature.)

This Day in History

November 13th, 1642

English Civil War: (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers)

English Civil War:
1642 - First English Civil War; Battle of Turnham Green - Royalist forces withdraw in the face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London.

Wikipedia  Painting: English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers);
John Milton publishes Areopagitica; Battle of Naseby, victory of the Parliamentarian New Model Army; Battle of Marston Moor, 1644; "Cromwell at Dunbar", by Andrew Carrick Gow; Oliver Cromwell; King Charles I, painted by Van Dyck; "And when did you last see your father?" by William Frederick Yeames.

November 13th, 1775

American Revolutionary War Collage

American Revolutionary War:
1775 - Patriot revolutionary forces under General Richard Montgomery attack Montreal, Quebec, defended by British General Guy Carleton.

Wikipedia  Paintings: Washington Crossing the Delaware, by Emanuel Leutz; Battle of the Chesapeake, French (left) and British (right) lines; Battle of Bunker Hill, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill by John Trumbull; The Defeat of the Floating Batteries at Gibraltar, September 13, 1782, by John Singleton Copley; Washington and the Comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown, 1781; "The surrender at Saratoga" shows General Daniel Morgan in front of a French de Vallière 4-pounder; Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown by (John Trumbull, 1797).

November 13th, 1841

Plymouth, England, becomes the first town incorporated by the English Parliament

James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism.

Wikipedia  Photo: English cottages in Plymouth, England; Coastline Near Plymouth, England; Plymouth Hoe Lighthouse; Plymouth Hoe, Devon at Night.

November 13th, 1851

The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, before moving to the other side of Elliot Bay to what would become Seattle, Washington

The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, before moving to the other side of Elliot Bay to what would become Seattle, Washington.

Wikipedia  Photo: Seattle Skyline, Washington; Olympic Mountains Olympic National Park; Olympic National Park by Melissa Farlow; The Cascade Loop, Washington State's Scenic Loop Highway; Washington State's Mount St. Helens, by USGS. credit National Geographic.

November 13th, 1887

Bloody Sunday clashes in central London

Bloody Sunday clashes in central London.

Wikipedia  Image: London, in Trafalgar Square; Bloody Sunday was the name given to a demonstration against coercion in Ireland and to demand the release from prison of MP William O'Brien, who was imprisoned for incitement as a result of an incident in the Irish Land War.

November 13th, 1914

World War I: Collage

World War I:
1914 - Zaian War; Battle of El Herri - Berber tribesmen inflict the heaviest defeat of French forces in Morocco.
World War I:
1916 - Prime Minister of Australia is expelled from the Labor Party over his support for conscription.
1918 - Allied troops occupy Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

Wikipedia  Photo: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV Tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks, and German Albatros D.III biplanes. National Archives and Records Administration.

November 13th, 1927

The Holland Tunnel opens to traffic as the first Hudson River vehicle tunnel linking New Jersey to New York City

Holland Tunnel opens to traffic as the first Hudson River vehicle tunnel linking New Jersey to New York City.

Wikipedia  Photo: Holland Tunnel; the interior of the Holland Tunnel (Port Authority of NY); Holland Tunnel images in The World Book of Knowledge; Automobiles emerging from the Holland Tunnel, Manhattan, New York, 1927, Corbis Images; .

November 13th, 1941

World War II: Second firestorm raid on Germany, the Royal Air Force conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless World War II: Battle of Leyte Gulf; Battle of Leyte Gulf; The first kamikaze attack: A Japanese plane carrying a 200-kilogram (440 lb) bomb attacks HMAS Australia off Leyte Island

World War II:
1941 - The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal is torpedoed by U-81, sinking the following day.
1942 - Naval Battle of Guadalcanal; Japanese and American ships engage in an intense, close-quarters surface naval engagement near Guadalcanal in a three day battle.

Wikipedia  Photo: Bombing of Dresden in World War II; August Schreitmüller's sculpture 'Goodness' surveys Dresden after a firestorm started by Allied bombers in 1945.
USS Bunker Hill was hit by kamikazes piloted by Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa and another airman on 11 May 1945. 389 personnel were killed or missing from a crew of 2,600; Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa, who flew his aircraft into the USS Bunker Hill during a Kamikaze mission on 11 May 1945; Kamikaze Missions - Lt Yoshinori Yamaguchi's Yokosuka D4Y3 (Type 33 Suisei) "Judy" in a suicide dive against USS Essex. The dive brakes are extended and the non-self-sealing port wing tank is trailing fuel vapor and/or smoke 25 November 1944.

November 13th, 1947

Soviet Union completes development of the AK-47, one of the first proper assault rifles

Soviet Union completes development of the AK-47, one of the first proper assault rifles in Yosemite Valley.

Wikipedia  Photo: The AK-47 is a selective-fire, gas-operated 7.62×39mm assault rifle, first developed in the USSR by Mikhail Kalashnikov.

November 13th, 1970

In meteorology, a cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the Earth (This is usually characterized by inward spiraling winds that rotate counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth)

Cyclone:
1970 - Bhola cyclone A 150-mph tropical cyclone hits the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), killing an estimated 500,000 people in one night. This is regarded as the 20th century's worst natural disaster.

Wikipedia  Image: In meteorology, a cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the Earth (This is usually characterized by inward spiraling winds that rotate counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth) ● Emergency Management, Australian Government. ● Global tropical cyclone tracks. ● Emergency Information, Burdenkin Shire.

November 13th, 2002

Iraq War: The Persian Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Storm (17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991) commonly referred to as simply the Gulf War, was a war waged by a UN-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait

Gulf War - Iraq War:
Iraq disarmament crisis; Iraq agrees to the terms of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441.

Wikipedia  Photo: USAF F-15Es, F-16s, and a USAF F-15 flying over burning Kuwaiti oil wells; Iraqi Army T-72 main battle tanks. The T-72 tank was a common Iraqi battle tank used in the Gulf War; F-15Es parked during Operation Desert Shield; The oil fires caused were a result of the scorched earth policy of Iraqi military forces retreating from Kuwait; Aerial view of destroyed Iraqi T-72 tank, BMP-1 and Type 63 armored personnel carriers and trucks on Highway 8 in March 1991.

November 13th, 2002

The oil tanker Prestige sinks off the Galician coast and causes a huge oil spill

The oil tanker Prestige sinks off the Galician, Spain coast and causes a huge oil spill.

Wikipedia  Photo: The Prestige oil tanker sank off the Galician coast carrying 77,000 tonness of fuel oil in 2002. Associated Press.