Previous Day - Next Day
“Laugh, and the world laughs with you;
Weep, and you weep alone.
For this brave old earth must borrow its mirth,
But has trouble enough of its own.”
~ Ella Wheeler Wilcox
Wikiquote (Ella Wheeler Wilcox (November 5, 1850 – October 30, 1919) was an American author and poet. Her best-known work was Poems of Passion.)
September 1st, 462
Byzantine Empire (East Roman Empire):
462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
Wikipedia Image: The Baptism of Constantine painted by Raphael's pupils (1520–1524, fresco, Vatican City, Apostolic Palace); Mural of Saints Cyril and Methodius, 19th century, Troyan Monastery, Bulgaria; Justinian I depicted on one of the famous mosaics of the Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna; The Greek fire was first used by the Byzantine Navy during the Byzantine-Arab Wars (from the Madrid Skylitzes, Biblioteca Nacional de España, Madrid); Alexios I, founder of the Komnenos dynasty.
Photo: Byzantine Empire is the great church of Hagia Sophia (Church of the Holy Wisdom) in Constantinople (562).
September 1st, 1270
1270 - King Stephen V of Hungary writes his walk to the antiquum castellum near Miholjanec, where the Sword of Attila was recently discovered.
Wikipedia Image: Saint Stephen (He greatly expanded Hungarian control over the Carpathian Basin during his lifetime, broadly established Christianity in the region, and is generally regarded as the founder of the Kingdom of Hungary); Statue of Saint Stephen, Fisherman's Bastion, Budapest, Hungary. David Noton/Getty Images.
Béla I of Hungary (National Historical Memorial Park in Ópusztaszer); Medieval Castle, the Palace of Visegrad in Hungary.
● Budapest parliament building ● Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape Hungary (UNESCO Heritage Site) ● Landscape at Lake Balaton, Hungary.
September 1st, 1355
1355 - King Tvrtko I of Bosnia writes In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from the old town of Visoki.
Wikipedia Map: Kingdom of Yugoslavia; Belgrade, Yugoslavia; A twilight moon rises above the Kamniske mountains and Slovenia’s Sava River Valley, Slovenia, credit National Geographic; Yugoslavia, November 1977, credit National Geographic.
September 1st, 1449
China:
1449 - Tumu Crisis; Mongolians capture the Emperor of China.
Wikipedia Photo: China from NASA Wordwind Satellite; © Great Wall of China, credit National Geographic; LongJi Terrace, credit National Geographic; Great Bear Rainforest, credit Paul Nicklen, National Geographic; Platoons of clay soldiers were buried with China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang Di, (required a labor force of 700,000 to build), credit O. Louis Mazzatenta, National Geographic.
September 1st, 1532
Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé Henry VIII.
Wikipedia Painting: Henry VIII Coat of Arms and Seal of Henry VIII of England; Catherine of Aragon as a young widow, by court painter Michael Sittow, 1502; Anne Boleyn, Henry's second queen; a later copy of an original painted 1534; Jane Seymour, Henry's third wife; Anne of Cleves, Henry's forth wife by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1539; Catherine Howard, Henry's fifth wife, by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1540; Catherine Parr, Henry's sixth and last wife.
September 1st, 1763
Catherine II of Russia (Catherine the Great) endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow.
Wikipedia Photo: Moscow Orphanage
September 1st, 1804
Juno, one of the larges main belt asteroids, is discovered by German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding.
Wikipedia Image: Artist depiction of main belt of asteroids NASA
September 1st, 1864
American Civil War:
1864 - Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuates Atlanta, Georgia after a four-month siege by Union General William T. Sherman.
Wikipedia Image: ● Lincoln Memorial; an American national monument built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln - located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. across from the Washington Monument.
● The northern army led by George McClellan and the southern army led by Robert E. Lee met at Antietam Creek, Maryland in September, 1862. It was a bloody battle where 13,000 Confederates and 12,000 Union troops died in just one day. McClellan had hesitated to attack before the battle thus letting the southern troops regroup. Also, he had saved reserves and refused to use them at the end of the battle thinking that Lee was holding reserves for a counterattack, even though those reserves didn't exist. The Union victory stopped Lee's northward advance and was a turning point in the war.
● Battle of Antietam / Stone Bridge at Antietam Battlefield - Sharpsburg, Maryland
● First Battle Between Ironclads: CSS Virginia/Merrimac (left) vs. USS Monitor, in 1862 at the Battle of Hampton Roads.
● Although photography was still in its infancy, war correspondents produced thousands of images, bringing the harsh realities of the frontlines to those on the home front in a new and visceral way. The Atlantic.
September 1st, 1870
Franco-Prussian War:
1870 - Battle of Sedan; is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory.
Wikipedia Painting: Aimé Morot's La bataille de Reichshoffen, 1887 ● Battle of Spicheren (August 5th, 1870) ● Battle of Wörth (August 6th, 1870) ● The Siege of Paris, by Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier.
September 1st, 1873
Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande.
Wikipedia Photo: Cetshwayo kaMpande (by Alexander Bassano in Old Bond Street, London) / Zulu Tribe of South Africa
September 1st, 1878
Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company.
Wikipedia Photo: Early telephone dispatch operators
September 1st, 1902
A Trip to the Moon, considered one of the first science fiction films, is released in France.
Wikipedia Painting: Polish-Bolshevik War. credit Polish Army Veterans
September 1st, 1905
Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation.
Wikipedia Photo: Canada Jasper National Park, Alberta
September 1st, 1906
International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys is established.
Wikipedia Image: Intellectual property is an area of law involving the rights of ownership of ideas, inventions, trade secrets, processes, programs, data, formulas, patents, copyrights, trade secrets, service marks or trademarks.
September 1st, 1914
Saint Petersburg, Russia, changes its name to Petrograd.
Wikipedia Image: Saint Petersburg: Panorama from Palace Bridge; Pushkin House is established in Saint Petersburg to preserve the cultural heritage (Institute of Russian Literature, as seen from across the Neva); Saint Petersburg, Russia. © Digital Vision / Getty Images; Saint Isaac's Cathedral; Winter Palace is one of the most splendid buildings in Saint Petersburg.
September 1st, 1939
World War II: Holocaust;
1939 - Adolf Hitler orders to begin the Nazi Germany's systematic T4 euthanasia program of the mentally ill and the handicapped.
Wikipedia Photo: World War II, The Holocaust. Sources: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum USHMM, History 1900s, Internet Masters of Education Technology IMET, Techno Friends, Veterans Today, Concern.
Propaganda and the Public. The Führer and Youth (Adolf Hitler with a Little Girl), Postcard (1933). © Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz / Heinrich Hoffmann GHDI / 1933, sterilization and euthanasia programs. Psychology and the Holocaust.
September 1st, 1939
World War II:
1939 - George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army.
1939 - The final version of the Iron Cross, and the Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine and Luftwaffe soldiers are instituted.
1939 - Switzerland mobilizes its forces and the Swiss Parliament elects Henri Guisan to head the Swiss Army (an event that can happen only during war or mobilization).
Wikipedia Photo: Bombing of Dresden in World War II; August Schreitmüller's sculpture 'Goodness' surveys Dresden after a firestorm started by Allied bombers in 1945.
USS Bunker Hill was hit by kamikazes piloted by Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa and another airman on 11 May 1945. 389 personnel were killed or missing from a crew of 2,600; Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa, who flew his aircraft into the USS Bunker Hill during a Kamikaze mission on 11 May 1945; Kamikaze Missions - Lt Yoshinori Yamaguchi's Yokosuka D4Y3 (Type 33 Suisei) "Judy" in a suicide dive against USS Essex. The dive brakes are extended and the non-self-sealing port wing tank is trailing fuel vapor and/or smoke 25 November 1944.
German V1 flying-bomb and V2 Rockets - Preparations for a Salvo Launch of V-2 Rockets in the Heidelager near Blizna (Poland) (1944), credit German History in Documents and Images GHDI.
Eastern Front (World War II); Germans race towards Stalingrad. August 1942; Soviet children during a German air raid in the first days of the war, June 1941, by RIA Novosti archive; Soviet sniper Roza Shanina in 1944. About 400,000 Soviet women served in front-line duty units Caucasus Mountains, winter 1942/43; Finnish ski patrol: the invisible enemy of the Soviet Army with an unlimited supply of skis; Men of the German Engineers Corps cross a river which is swollen after the first autumn rains, to strengthen bridges linking the German positions on the central front in Russia. by Keystone / Getty Images. October 1942; Russian snipers fighting on the Leningrad front during a blizzard. Photo by Hulton Archive / Getty Images, 1943; German soldiers surrendering to the Russians in Stalingrad, the soldier holding the white flag of surrender is dressed in white so that there could be no doubt of his intentions, a Russian soldier is on the right of the photograph. by Keystone / Getty Images, January 1943.
September 1st, 1951
The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty.
Wikipedia Photo: Earth in True Color - NASA
September 1st, 1958
Cod Wars: Iceland expands its fishing zone, putting it into conflict with the United Kingdom.
Wikipedia Photo: Iceland in January - NASA
September 1st, 1969
Coup in Libya brings Muammar al-Gaddafi to power.
Wikipedia Photo: Colonel Muammar Gaddafi some time after seizing power in 1969 as a 27-year-old army captain. 1969 - 2011. Associated Press ● Protesters opposed to leader Muammar Gaddafi on a tank in Libya, Ahmed Jadallah, Reuters.
September 1st, 1974
SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of 1 hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds at a speed of 1,435.587 miles per hour (2,310.353 km/h).
Wikipedia Photo: SR-71 "Blackbird" over the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California in 1994
September 1st, 1979
Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 13,000 miles (21,000 kilometres).
Wikipedia Photo: Pioneer 11 at Saturn - NASA
September 1st, 1983
Cold War: Korean Air Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace. All 269 on board die, including Congressman Lawrence McDonald.
Wikipedia Photo: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 was a Korean Air Lines civilian airliner that was shot down by Soviet jet interceptors on September 1, 1983, over the Sea of Japan over prohibited Soviet airspace.
September 1st, 2004
Beslan school hostage crisis commences when armed terrorists take children and adults hostage in Beslan in North Ossetia Russia.
Wikipedia Photo: Photos of the victims on the walls of the former School Number One (SNO) in Beslan
September 1st, 2017
Russian President Vladimir Putin expels 755 diplomats in response to United States sanctions.
Wikipedia Photo: Russian President Vladimir Putin with President Trump at the G-20 summit this month. (SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images)