First Confidential

THIS DAY IN HISTORY - AUGUST 13th

Felix Adler, Quote

“The Supreme Ethical Rule: Act So As To Elicit the Best In Others and Thereby In Thy Self.”

~ Felix Adler

Wikiquote (Felix Adler (August 13, 1851 – April 24, 1933) was a Jewish professor of political and social ethics, rationalist, popular lecturer, religious leader and social reformer who founded the Ethical Culture movement, and is often considered one of the main influences on modern Humanistic Judaism.)

This Day in History

August 13th, 1536

Tenbun Hokke Disturbance: Buddhist monks from Kyōto's Enryaku-ji temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples

Tenbun Hokke Disturbance: Buddhist monks from Kyoto's Enryaku-ji temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples.

Wikipedia  Photo: Todo, Enryaku-ji Temple, Kyoto - by Kenpei


August 13th, 1918

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) established as a public company in Germany

BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke AG), established as a public company in Germany.

Wikipedia  Photo: BMW GINA Light Visionary


August 13th, 1962

Catholic Ecumenical Councils: include 21 councils over a period of 1700 years. (While definitions changed throughout history, in today's Roman Catholic understanding Ecumenical Councils are assemblies of Patriarchs, Cardinals, residing Bishops, Abbots, male heads of religious orders and other juridical persons, nominated by the Roman Pontiff.) They meet to discuss matters of faith and Church discipline.

Catholic Ecumenical Councils:
1962 - Second Vatican Council: Representatives from the Russian Orthodox Church and the Holy See meet in Metz, France and come to an agreement wherein the Russian church would send observers and in exchange, the Roman Catholic Church would refuse to condemn Communism.

Wikipedia  Photo: Catholic Ecumenical Councils include 21 councils over a period of 1700 years. (While definitions changed throughout history, in today's Roman Catholic understanding Ecumenical Councils are assemblies of Patriarchs, Cardinals, residing Bishops, Abbots, male heads of religious orders and other juridical persons, nominated by the Roman Pontiff.) They meet to discuss matters of faith and Church discipline.


August 13th, 1969

Apollo Program: Apollo 11 first manned Moon landing and the first walk on the surface on the moon. Astronaut Buzz Aldrin walks on the surface of the moon near the leg of the lunar module Eagle. Apollo 11 Commander Neil Armstrong took this photograph with a 70mm lunar surface camera. Armstrong and Aldrin explored the Sea of Tranquility for two and a half hours while crewmate Michael Collins orbited above in the command module Columbia. The Blue Marble is a famous photograph of the Earth, taken on December 7, 1972, by the crew of the Apollo 17 spacecraft, at a distance of about 45,000 kilometres (28,000 mi)

Apollo 11 astronauts are released from a three-week quarantine to enjoy a ticker-tape parade in New York City. That evening, at a state dinner in Los Angeles, they are awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President Richard Nixon.

Wikipedia  Photo: Apollo Program: Apollo 11 first manned Moon landing and the first walk on the surface on the moon. Astronaut Buzz Aldrin walks on the surface of the moon near the leg of the lunar module Eagle. Apollo 11 Commander Neil Armstrong took this photograph with a 70mm lunar surface camera. Armstrong and Aldrin explored the Sea of Tranquility for two and a half hours while crewmate Michael Collins orbited above in the command module Columbia.
The Blue Marble is a famous photograph of the Earth, taken on December 7, 1972, by the crew of the Apollo 17 spacecraft, at a distance of about 45,000 kilometres (28,000 mi).


August 13th, 2015

List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

Modern conflicts in the Middle East, social unrest and terrorist attacks:
2015 - Baghdad bombing; At least 76 people are killed and 212 others are wounded in a truck bombing in Baghdad, Iraq
2004 - 156 Congolese Tutsi refugees are massacred at the Gatumba refugee camp in Burundi.
1978 - Lebanese Civil War; Tel al-Zaatar massacre - 150 Palestinians in Beirut are killed in a terrorist attack.

Wikipedia  Photo: Middle East satellite image, NASA. ● Camels are seen early morning on a beach in the Marina area of Dubai October 16, 2008. (Steve Crisp, Reuters) ● A portrait of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad burns during clashes between rebels and Syrian troops in Selehattin, near Aleppo, on July 23, 2012. (Bulent Kilic, AFP / GettyImages) ● Egyptians gather in their thousands in Tahrir Square to mark the one year anniversary of the revolution on Jan. 25, 2012 in Cairo Egypt. Tens of thousands have gathered in the square on the first anniversary of the Arab uprising which toppled President Hosni Mubarak. (Jeff J Mitchell, Getty Images) ● Black smoke rises above the Tehran skyline as supporters of Mir Hossein Mousavi burn tires and other material in the streets as they fight running battles with police to protest the declared results of the Iranian presidential election in Tehran, Iran, Saturday, June 13, 2009. (Ben Curtis, AP) ● The Iron Dome defense system fires to interecpt incoming missiles from Gaza in the port town of Ashdod, Thursday, Nov. 15, 2012. (Tsafrir Abayov, AP)