First Confidential

THIS DAY IN HISTORY - AUGUST 4th

Herman Melville, Quote

“Time's glory is to command contending kings,

To unmask falsehood, and bring truth to light.”

~ William Shakespeare

Wikiquote (William Shakespeare (April 26, 1564 (baptised) – April 23, 1616) an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.)

This Day in History

August 4th, 1265

Second Barons' War: a civil war in England between the forces of a number of barons led by Simon de Montfort, against the Royalist forces led by Prince Edward (later Edward I of England), in the name of Henry III.

Second Barons' War: Battle of Evesham; The army of Prince Edward (the future king Edward I of England) defeats the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, killing de Montfort and many of his allies.

Wikipedia  Plaque: Second Barons' War: (1264–1267) Second Barons' War: a civil war in England between the forces of a number of barons led by Simon de Montfort, against the Royalist forces led by Prince Edward (later Edward I of England), in the name of Henry III.

August 4th, 1796

Napoleonic Wars: (1803–15) were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions French Revolutionary Wars, Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay): Battle begins when a British fleet engages the French Revolutionary Navy fleet in an unusual night action

French Revolutionary Wars / Napoleonic Wars:
1796 - Battle of Lonato: Napoleon leads the French Army of Italy to victory.

Wikipedia  Painting: Battle of Trafalgar: The British HMS Sandwich fires to the French flagship Bucentaure (completely dismasted) in the battle of Trafalgar; Napoleon in Berlin (Meynier). After defeating Prussian forces at Jena, the French Army entered Berlin on 27 October 1806; Battle of the Bridge of Arcole Napoleon Bonaparte leading his troops over the bridge of Arcole, by Horace Vernet; Napoleon as King of Italy (Appiani); Napoleon Crossing the Alps (David). In 1800 Bonaparte took the French Army across the Alps, eventually defeating the Austrians at Marengo; Charge of the Russian Imperial Guard cavalry against French cuirassiers at the Battle of Friedland, 14 June 1807; Battle of Borodino as depicted by Louis Lejeune. The battle was the largest and bloodiest single-day action of the Napoleonic Wars; Napoleon's withdrawal from Russia, a painting by Adolph Northen; Wellington at Waterloo by Robert Alexander Hillingford; Napoleon is often represented in his green colonel uniform of the Chasseur à Cheval, with a large bicorne and a hand-in-waistcoat gesture.
Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay).

August 4th, 1854

Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships

Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships.

Wikipedia  Image: Nisshōki or Hinomaru

August 4th, 1873

American Indians collage Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer

Indian Wars: whilst protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, the United States 7th Cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer clashes for the first time with the Sioux near the Tongue River; only one man on each side is killed.

Wikipedia  Photos: American Indians - Chief Crazy Horse, Tashunca-uitco (1849 - 1877); Geronimo Apache Chief (1829 - 1909); Indian Chief 'Two Eagles'; Crow Indian Chief; Snake Cheif; Band of Chiricahua Apache Indians, followers of legendary renegade Geronimo, attending a peace negotiation after a long struggle against U.S. government attempts to force them onto reservations - Tombstone, Arizona (1886).
Painting: Battle of the Little Bighorn; "The Custer Fight" by Charles Marion Russell.

August 4th, 1914

World War I: Collage

World War I:
1914 - Germany invades Belgium In response, the United Kingdom declares war on Germany. The United States declare their neutrality.
1916 - Liberia declares war on Germany.
Post World War I:
1924 - Diplomatic relations between Mexico and the Soviet Union are established.

Wikipedia  Photo: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV Tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks, and German Albatros D.III biplanes. National Archives and Records Administration.

August 4th, 1944

World War II, The Holocaust Anne Frank: (Annelies 'Anne' Marie Frank, June 12, 1929 – early March 1945) was one of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. (Her diary has been the basis for several plays and films.)

World War II: Holocaust;
1944 - A tip from a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an Amsterdam warehouse where they find and arrest Jewish diarist Anne Frank, her family, and four others.

Wikipedia  Photo: World War II, The Holocaust. Sources: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum USHMM, History 1900s, Internet Masters of Education Technology IMET, Techno Friends, Veterans Today, Concern. Anne Frank; (Annelies 'Anne' Marie Frank, June 12, 1929 – early March 1945) was one of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. (Her diary has been the basis for several plays and films.)

August 4th, 1958

The Billboard Hot 100 is published for the first time

Billboard Hot 100 is published for the first time.

Wikipedia  Photo: Ricky Nelson's 'Poor Little Fool' was the first #1 hit in the history of the Billboard Hot 100. Photo credit: Ricky Nelson

August 4th, 1964

Vietnam War: Operation Swift; U.S. Marines engage the North Vietnamese in battle in the Que Son Valley Vietnam War, Gulf of Tonkin incident: North Vietnamese gunboats allegedly fire on the U.S. destroyers USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy

Vietnam War:
1964 - Gulf of Tonkin incident; North Vietnamese gunboats allegedly fire on the U.S. destroyers USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy.

Wikipedia  Photo: Vietnam_War; Side view of an HH-53 helicopter of the 40th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron as seen from the gunner's position on an A-1 of the 21st Specialist Operations Squadron. (USAF Photo by Ken Hackman), Boston Globe;
● Gulf of Tonkin Incident Documentary ● Political Cartoon.
Vietnam War: The Big Picture / Boston Globe.

August 4th, 1977

Legislation is signed creating the United States Department of Energy

Legislation is signed creating the United States Department of Energy.

Wikipedia  Photo: Electric power lines and pylons, Michele Tantussi, Bloomberg. ● Environment Forum, Reuters.

August 4th, 2007

NASA's Phoenix spaceship is launched

NASA's Phoenix is launched.

Wikipedia  Photo: NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander lifts off from Cape Canaveral at 5:26 a.m. EDT on Aug. 4, 2007. Credit: NASA/Regina Mitchell-Ryall and Jerry Cannon.