First Confidential

THIS DAY IN HISTORY - JULY 14th

Albert Einstein, Quote

“A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving.”

~ Albert Einstein

Wikiquote (Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a theoretical physicist and humanist who is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time.)

This Day in History

July 14th, 1223

Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II of France First Barons' War: Civil War - French invasion and 16 month occupation of England eventually repelled.

Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France.

Wikipedia  Painting: Louis VIII the Lion King of France
First Barons' War: (1215–17) was a civil war in the Kingdom of England between a group of rebellious barons, led by Robert Fitzwalter and supported by a French army under the future Louis VIII of France, and King John of England.

July 14th, 1789

Alexander Mackenzie finally completes his journey to the mouth of the great river he hoped would take him to the Pacific, but which turns out to flow into the Arctic Ocean

The Alexander Mackenzie completes his journey to the mouth of the great river he hoped would take him to the Pacific, but which turns out to flow into the Arctic Ocean. (Later named the Mackenzie, the second-longest river system in North America.)

Wikipedia  Photo: The Mackenzie River in August 2009 The Mackenzie River Spring 2009, credit © Daniel Montlucon, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

July 14th, 1798

The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government

The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.

Wikipedia  Painting: President John Adams signed the Alien and Sedition Acts into law in 1798 in an effort to silence opposition to his administration's foreign and domestic policies, portrait by Jane Stuart, 1800.

July 14th, 1881

Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner

Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.

Wikipedia  Photos: Billy the Kid - Wanted Dead or Alive, credit PBS.org ● Pat Garrett, Lincoln County Sheriff Pat Garrett, 1850-1908, whose claim to fame was killing Billy the Kid.

July 14th, 1900

China: the world's most populous country, covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, second-largest country by land area (China from NASA Wordwind Satellite; Great Wall of China, credit National Geographic; LongJi Terrace, credit National Geographic; Great Bear Rainforest, credit Paul Nicklen, National Geographic; Platoons of clay soldiers were buried with China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang Di, (required a labor force of 700,000 to build), credit O. Louis Mazzatenta, National Geographic) Boxer Rebellion in China officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol

China - Boxer Rebellion:
1900 - The Boxer Rebellion: Armies of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture Tientsin.

Wikipedia  Photo: China from NASA Wordwind Satellite; © Great Wall of China, credit National Geographic; LongJi Terrace, credit National Geographic; Great Bear Rainforest, credit Paul Nicklen, National Geographic; Platoons of clay soldiers were buried with China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang Di, (required a labor force of 700,000 to build), credit O. Louis Mazzatenta, National Geographic.
The Boxer Rebellion, U.S. Army. ● Guangxu Emperor (fourth from left) with his officials and European officers shortly after the Boxer Rebellion.

July 14th, 1950

Korean War Collage

Korean War:
1950 - Battle of Taejon: North Korean troops initiate the attack.

Wikipedia  Photo: Korean War Collage credit, The Big Picture, Boston Globe - (Associated Press; U.S. Department of Defense / SGT. F.C. Kerr; AP Photo; U.S. Department of Defense / TSGT. Charles B. Tyler; U.S. Department of Defense / TSGT. Charles B. Tyler; U.S. Department of Defense / TSGT. Robert H. Mosier; AP Photo / Max Desfor; U.S. Department of Defense / CPL. P. McDonald; AP Photo / Max Desfor; AP Photo/George Sweers; U.S. Navy / Maj. R.V. Spencer, UAF; AP Photo / Max Desfor).

July 14th, 2003

Iraq War: The Persian Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Storm (17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991) commonly referred to as simply the Gulf War, was a war waged by a UN-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait

Gulf War - Iraq War:
2003 - Plame affair; In an effort to discredit U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, who had written an article critical of the Iraq War, Washington Post columnist Robert Novak reveals that Wilson's wife Valerie Plame is a CIA "operative".

Wikipedia  Photo: USAF F-15Es, F-16s, and a USAF F-15 flying over burning Kuwaiti oil wells; Iraqi Army T-72 main battle tanks. The T-72 tank was a common Iraqi battle tank used in the Gulf War; F-15Es parked during Operation Desert Shield; The oil fires caused were a result of the scorched earth policy of Iraqi military forces retreating from Kuwait; Aerial view of destroyed Iraqi T-72 tank, BMP-1 and Type 63 armored personnel carriers and trucks on Highway 8 in March 1991.

July 14th, 2016

List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

Modern conflicts in the Middle East, social unrest and terrorist attacks:
2016 - Nice terrorist attack; A terrorist vehicular attack in Nice, France kills 86 civilians and injures over 400 others.

Wikipedia  Photo: Middle East satellite image, NASA. ● Camels are seen early morning on a beach in the Marina area of Dubai October 16, 2008. (Steve Crisp, Reuters) ● A portrait of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad burns during clashes between rebels and Syrian troops in Selehattin, near Aleppo, on July 23, 2012. (Bulent Kilic, AFP / GettyImages) ● Egyptians gather in their thousands in Tahrir Square to mark the one year anniversary of the revolution on Jan. 25, 2012 in Cairo Egypt. Tens of thousands have gathered in the square on the first anniversary of the Arab uprising which toppled President Hosni Mubarak. (Jeff J Mitchell, Getty Images) ● Black smoke rises above the Tehran skyline as supporters of Mir Hossein Mousavi burn tires and other material in the streets as they fight running battles with police to protest the declared results of the Iranian presidential election in Tehran, Iran, Saturday, June 13, 2009. (Ben Curtis, AP) ● The Iron Dome defense system fires to interecpt incoming missiles from Gaza in the port town of Ashdod, Thursday, Nov. 15, 2012. (Tsafrir Abayov, AP)