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“A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving.”
~ Albert Einstein
Wikiquote (Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a theoretical physicist and humanist who is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time.)
March 14th, 44 BC
Roman Empire:
44 BC - Casca, Cicero and Cassius decide, in the night before the Assassination of Julius Caesar, that Mark Antony should stay alive.
Wikipedia Image: Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus; Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus (Latin: Aedes Iovis Optimi Maximi Capitolini, Italian: Tempio di Giove Ottimo Massimo, English: "Temple of Jupiter Best and Greatest on the Capitoline") was the most important temple in Ancient Rome, located on the Capitoline Hill.
Relief from a 3rd-century sarcophagus depicting a battle between Romans and Germanic warriors; the central figure is perhaps the emperor Hostilian / Depiction of the Menorah on the Arch of Titus in Rome.
March 14th, 313
China:
313 - Emperor Jin Huidi is executed by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao).
Wikipedia Photo: China from NASA Wordwind Satellite; © Great Wall of China, credit National Geographic; LongJi Terrace, credit National Geographic; Great Bear Rainforest, credit Paul Nicklen, National Geographic; Platoons of clay soldiers were buried with China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang Di, (required a labor force of 700,000 to build), credit O. Louis Mazzatenta, National Geographic.
March 14th, 1590
French Wars of Religion:
Battle of Ivry; Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League under the Duc de Mayenne.
Wikipedia Painting: The French Wars of Religion; (1562–98): Period of civil infighting and military operations, primarily fought between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). (The conflict involved the factional disputes between the aristocratic houses of France, such as the House of Bourbon and House of Guise (Lorraine), and both sides received assistance from foreign sources).
● Depiction of the Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre by François Dubois.
● Armed procession of the Catholic League in Paris in 1590, Musée Carnavalet.
● Catherine de' Medici One morning at the gates of the Louvre, 19th-century painting by Édouard Debat-Ponsan.
March 14th, 1647
Thirty Years' War:
1647 - Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.
Wikipedia Painting: Battle of Breitenfeld (1631), The victory of Gustavus Adolphus; Bautzen circa 1620, by Matthäus Merian; Battle of Lützen by Carl Wahlbom shows the death of King Gustavus Adolphus on 16 November 1632; Bautzen 1620, by Matthäus Merian; Peace of Westphalia, Ratification of the Peace of Münster.
March 14th, 1780
American Revolutionary War:
1780 - Battle of Fort Charlotte; Spanish forces capture Fort Charlotte in Mobile, Alabama, the last British frontier post capable of threatening New Orleans in Spanish Louisiana.
Wikipedia Paintings: Washington Crossing the Delaware, by Emanuel Leutz; Battle of the Chesapeake, French (left) and British (right) lines; Battle of Bunker Hill, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill by John Trumbull; The Defeat of the Floating Batteries at Gibraltar, September 13, 1782, by John Singleton Copley; Washington and the Comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown, 1781; "The surrender at Saratoga" shows General Daniel Morgan in front of a French de Vallière 4-pounder; Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown by (John Trumbull, 1797).
Grand Union - Stars and Stripes Flag
March 14th, 1794
Eli Whitney is granted a patent on the cotton gin.
Wikipedia Image: Eli Whitney ● Green Frog Village Bells, Tennessee cotton gin, Thomas R Machnitzki ● A cotton gin on display at the Eli Whitney Museum.
March 14th, 1900
The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing United States currency on the Gold.
Wikipedia Photo: The Gold Standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is a fixed weight of gold.
March 14th, 1903
Panama Canal: Hay-Herran Treaty:, granting the United States the right to build the Panama Canal is ratified by the United States Senate. The Colombian Senate would later reject the treaty.
Wikipedia Map of Panama
March 14th, 1910
Lakeview Gusher, the largest United States oil well gusher near Bakersfield, California, vented to atmosphere.
Wikipedia Lakeview Gusher, credit Jeff Hapeman, Flickr.
March 14th, 1915
Pre-World War I:
1915 - Battle of the Falkland Islands; Cornered off the coast of Chile by the British Royal Navy, the German light cruiser SMS Dresden is abandoned and scuttled by her crew.
Wikipedia Photo: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV Tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks, and German Albatros D.III biplanes. National Archives and Records Administration.
Painting: Battle of the Falkland Islands, War at Sea.
March 14th, 1939
World War II:
1939 - Slovakia declares independence under German pressure.
1942 - Orvan Hess and John Bumstead became the first in the United States successfully to treat a patient, Anne Miller, using penicillin.
1943 - The Kraków Ghetto is 'liquidated'.
1945 - The Royal Air Force first operational use of the Grand Slam bomb Bielefeld, Germany.
Wikipedia Photo: Bombing of Dresden in World War II; August Schreitmüller's sculpture 'Goodness' surveys Dresden after a firestorm started by Allied bombers in 1945.
USS Bunker Hill was hit by kamikazes piloted by Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa and another airman on 11 May 1945. 389 personnel were killed or missing from a crew of 2,600; Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa, who flew his aircraft into the USS Bunker Hill during a Kamikaze mission on 11 May 1945; Kamikaze Missions - Lt Yoshinori Yamaguchi's Yokosuka D4Y3 (Type 33 Suisei) "Judy" in a suicide dive against USS Essex. The dive brakes are extended and the non-self-sealing port wing tank is trailing fuel vapor and/or smoke 25 November 1944.
German V1 flying-bomb and V2 Rockets - Preparations for a Salvo Launch of V-2 Rockets in the Heidelager near Blizna (Poland) (1944), credit German History in Documents and Images GHDI.
Eastern Front (World War II); Germans race towards Stalingrad. August 1942; Soviet children during a German air raid in the first days of the war, June 1941, by RIA Novosti archive; Soviet sniper Roza Shanina in 1944. About 400,000 Soviet women served in front-line duty units Caucasus Mountains, winter 1942/43; Finnish ski patrol: the invisible enemy of the Soviet Army with an unlimited supply of skis; Men of the German Engineers Corps cross a river which is swollen after the first autumn rains, to strengthen bridges linking the German positions on the central front in Russia. by Keystone / Getty Images. October 1942; Russian snipers fighting on the Leningrad front during a blizzard. Photo by Hulton Archive / Getty Images, 1943; German soldiers surrendering to the Russians in Stalingrad, the soldier holding the white flag of surrender is dressed in white so that there could be no doubt of his intentions, a Russian soldier is on the right of the photograph. by Keystone / Getty Images, January 1943.
March 14th, 1951
Korean War:
1951 - For the second time, United Nations troops recapture Seoul.
Wikipedia Photo: Korean War Collage credit, The Big Picture, Boston Globe - (Associated Press; U.S. Department of Defense / SGT. F.C. Kerr; AP Photo; U.S. Department of Defense / TSGT. Charles B. Tyler; U.S. Department of Defense / TSGT. Charles B. Tyler; U.S. Department of Defense / TSGT. Robert H. Mosier; AP Photo / Max Desfor; U.S. Department of Defense / CPL. P. McDonald; AP Photo / Max Desfor; AP Photo/George Sweers; U.S. Navy / Maj. R.V. Spencer, UAF; AP Photo / Max Desfor).
March 14th, 1964
Assassination of John F. Kennedy:
1964 - A jury in Dallas, Texas, finds Jack Ruby guilty of killing Lee Harvey Oswald, assumed assassin of John F. Kennedy.
1967 - The body of President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery.
Wikipedia Photo: Dealey Plaza, with Elm Street on the right and the underpass in the middle; President Kennedy with his wife, Jacqueline, and Texas Governor John Connally in the presidential limousine, minutes before the President's assassination; Texas School Book Depository; Aerial view of Dealey Plaza, credit Paullee.com - A - "The Sniper's Nest", south-east corner window of the 6th floor (5th floor for Europeans) of the Texas School Book Depository Building B - "The Grassy Knoll", speculated location of second gunman C - Approximate location of limousine at time of first shot D - Approximate location of limousine at time of the "neck wound" shot E - Approximate location of limousine at time of fatal head wound F - James Tague's location. Note how far away he is from the shots! G - Abraham Zapruder's filming location, on top of a stone pedestal, James Altgen's Press Photograph; Secret Service agent Clint Hill climbs onto the presidential limousine, seconds after the fatal shot. Associated Press photo open-topped limo in Dallas, Time Magazine; Mary Moorman's Polaroid photo taken a fraction of a second after the fatal shot; Zapruder film at moment of fatal head shot.
March 14th, 1978
Modern conflicts in the Middle East:
1978 - Israeli-Palestinian conflict; Operation Litani - The Israeli Defense Force invades and occupies southern Lebanon.
Wikipedia Photo: Middle East satellite image, NASA. ● Camels are seen early morning on a beach in the Marina area of Dubai October 16, 2008. (Steve Crisp, Reuters) ● A portrait of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad burns during clashes between rebels and Syrian troops in Selehattin, near Aleppo, on July 23, 2012. (Bulent Kilic, AFP / GettyImages) ● Egyptians gather in their thousands in Tahrir Square to mark the one year anniversary of the revolution on Jan. 25, 2012 in Cairo Egypt. Tens of thousands have gathered in the square on the first anniversary of the Arab uprising which toppled President Hosni Mubarak. (Jeff J Mitchell, Getty Images) ● Black smoke rises above the Tehran skyline as supporters of Mir Hossein Mousavi burn tires and other material in the streets as they fight running battles with police to protest the declared results of the Iranian presidential election in Tehran, Iran, Saturday, June 13, 2009. (Ben Curtis, AP) ● The Iron Dome defense system fires to interecpt incoming missiles from Gaza in the port town of Ashdod, Thursday, Nov. 15, 2012. (Tsafrir Abayov, AP)
March 14th, 1980
Aviation accidents and incidents:
1980 - LOT Flight 7; In Poland, a plane crashes during final approach near Warsaw, killing 87 people, including a 14-man American boxing team.
Wikipedia Photo: ● Pan AM 747 ● U.S. Airways flight 1549 also known as the "Miracle on the Hudson" navigates an exit ramp near Burlington, New Jersey, June 5, 2011 ● Passengers stand on the wings of a U.S. Airways plane as a ferry pulls up to it after it landed in the Hudson River in New York, Reuters ● US Airways plane crashes into New York Hudson River, Photo: AP
March 14th, 1994
Timeline of Linux development: Linux kernel version 1.0.0 is released.
Wikipedia Photo: Linux - free and open source software
March 14th, 1995
Space exploration: Astronaut Norman Thagard becomes the first American astronaut to ride to space on board a Russian launch vehicle.
Wikipedia Photo: Space exploration the discovery and exploration of outer space by means of space technology.
March 14th, 2008
Tibetan unrest: A series of riots, protests, and demonstrations erupt in Lhasa and elsewhere in Tibet.
Wikipedia Photo: Tibetan unrest: Tibetan protesters scuffle with police officers during a protest in front of the Chinese consulate in Zurich, Switzerland, Saturday, March 15, 2008. Several hundred activists took part in a protest against China's behaviour in Tibet. ( Reuters / Associated Press Keystone/Eddy Risch)