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Wikiquote (Anonymous derived from the Greek word ἀνωνυμία, anonymia, meaning “without a name” or “namelessness”. It commonly refers to the state of an individual's personal identity, or personally identifiable information, being publicly unknown.)
March 11th, 222
Roman Empire:
222 - Roman Emperor Elagabalus is assassinated, along with his mother, Julia Soaemias, by the Praetorian Guard during a revolt. Their mutilated bodies are dragged through the streets of Rome before being thrown into the Tiber.
Wikipedia Image: Relief from a 3rd-century sarcophagus depicting a battle between Romans and Germanic warriors; the central figure is perhaps the emperor Hostilian / Depiction of the Menorah on the Arch of Titus in Rome.
March 11th, 1641
Portuguese Empire: Battle of Mbororé; Guaraní forces living in the Jesuit Reductions defeat bandeirantes loyal to the Portuguese Empire in present-day Panambí, Argentina.
Wikipedia Photo: Lisbon, Portugal - Monument to the Portuguese maritime discoveries.
March 11th, 1708
Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.
Wikipedia Painting: Anne, Queen of Great Britain; ascended the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland on March 8th, 1702. On May 1st 1707, under the Act of Union, two of her realms, the kingdoms of England and Scotland, were united as a single sovereign state, the Kingdom of Great Britain.
NMarch 11th, 1824
American Indian Wars:
1824 - The United States Department of War creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Wikipedia Photos: American Indians - Chief Crazy Horse, Tashunca-uitco (1849 - 1877) ● Geronimo Apache Chief (1829 - 1909) ● Indian Chief 'Two Eagles'; Crow Indian Chief ● Snake Cheif ● Band of Chiricahua Apache Indians, followers of legendary renegade Geronimo, attending a peace negotiation after a long struggle against U.S. government attempts to force them onto reservations - Tombstone, Arizona (1886), Life Magazine ● American Horse - Oglala ● Native American Arapaho Indian ● Washakie, Shoshone leader ● Arapaho American Indian Chief.
March 11th, 1845
New Zealand land wars: Flagstaff War; Unhappy with translational differences regarding the Treaty of Waitangi, chiefs Hone Heke, Kawiti and Māori tribe members chop down the British flagpole for a fourth time and drive settlers out of Kororareka, New Zealand.
Wikipedia Image: Rewi Manga Maniapoto (died 1894) was a Waikato chief who led Maori forces during the British Invasion of Waikato during the New Zealand Wars; Satellite image of New Zealand, NASA's Visible Earth; Bay of Islands.
March 11th, 1848
Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first Prime Ministers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected under a system of responsible government.
Wikipedia Canada satellite image, @copy; Geology.com ● The creation of Upper and Lower Canada (1791)
March 11th, 1851
Première performance of Giuseppe Verdi's opera, Rigoletto opens in Venice.
Wikipedia Painting: Giuseppe Verdi ● Costumes for the Duke of Mantua and Gilda published by Casa Ricordi shortly after the 1851 premiere ● Rigoletto: Act 1, Scene 2 stage set by Giuseppe Bertoja for the world premiere of Rigoletto.
March 11th, 1861
American Civil War:
1861 - The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.
Wikipedia Image: ● Lincoln Memorial; an American national monument built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln - located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. across from the Washington Monument.
● The northern army led by George McClellan and the southern army led by Robert E. Lee met at Antietam Creek, Maryland in September, 1862. It was a bloody battle where 13,000 Confederates and 12,000 Union troops died in just one day. McClellan had hesitated to attack before the battle thus letting the southern troops regroup. Also, he had saved reserves and refused to use them at the end of the battle thinking that Lee was holding reserves for a counterattack, even though those reserves didn't exist. The Union victory stopped Lee's northward advance and was a turning point in the war.
● Battle of Antietam / Stone Bridge at Antietam Battlefield - Sharpsburg, Maryland
● First Battle Between Ironclads: CSS Virginia/Merrimac (left) vs. USS Monitor, in 1862 at the Battle of Hampton Roads.
● Although photography was still in its infancy, war correspondents produced thousands of images, bringing the harsh realities of the frontlines to those on the home front in a new and visceral way. The Atlantic.
March 11th, 1864
Great Sheffield Flood: The largest man-made disaster ever to befall England kills over 250 people in Sheffield.
Wikipedia Image: Great Sheffield Flood; Remains of the Dale Dyke Dam after the flood.
March 11th, 1867
The first performance of Don Carlos by Giuseppe Verdi takes place in Paris.
Wikipedia Painting: Giuseppe Verdi ● Title page of a libretto for performances at the Teatro Pagliano in Florence in April–May 1869 which used the Italian translation by Achille de Lauzières.
March 11th, 1888
Great Blizzard of 1888, a rare severe blizzard begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400.
Wikipedia Image: Land Hurricane: United States NOAA Satellite; Huge wave slams the lighthouse on Grand Marais Harbor credit, Minnesota.publicradio.org.
March 11th, 1916
World War I:
1916 - The USS Nevada (BB-36) is commissioned.
1917 - Fall of Baghdad (1917); Baghdad falls to Anglo-Indian forces commanded by General Stanley Maude.
Wikipedia Photo: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV Tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks, and German Albatros D.III biplanes. National Archives and Records Administration.
March 11th, 1927
In New York City, Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens the Roxy Theatre.
Wikipedia Image: The Roxy Theatre, 1927 postcard (the Taft Hotel is on the left).
March 11th, 1941
World War II:
1941 - United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the Allies on loan.
1942 - General Douglas MacArthur leaves Corregidor.
1945 - Operation Tan Number 2; The Imperial Japanese Navy attempts a large-scale kamikaze attack on the United States Pacific Fleet anchored at Ulithi atoll.
1945 - The Empire of Vietnam, a short-lived puppet state, is established with Bảo Đại as its ruler.
Post World War II:
1946 - Rudolf Höss, the first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, is captured by British troops.
Wikipedia Photo: Bombing of Dresden in World War II; August Schreitmüller's sculpture 'Goodness' surveys Dresden after a firestorm started by Allied bombers in 1945.
USS Bunker Hill was hit by kamikazes piloted by Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa and another airman on 11 May 1945. 389 personnel were killed or missing from a crew of 2,600; Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa, who flew his aircraft into the USS Bunker Hill during a Kamikaze mission on 11 May 1945; Kamikaze Missions - Lt Yoshinori Yamaguchi's Yokosuka D4Y3 (Type 33 Suisei) "Judy" in a suicide dive against USS Essex. The dive brakes are extended and the non-self-sealing port wing tank is trailing fuel vapor and/or smoke 25 November 1944.
German V1 flying-bomb and V2 Rockets - Preparations for a Salvo Launch of V-2 Rockets in the Heidelager near Blizna (Poland) (1944), credit German History in Documents and Images GHDI.
Eastern Front (World War II); Germans race towards Stalingrad. August 1942; Soviet children during a German air raid in the first days of the war, June 1941, by RIA Novosti archive; Soviet sniper Roza Shanina in 1944. About 400,000 Soviet women served in front-line duty units Caucasus Mountains, winter 1942/43; Finnish ski patrol: the invisible enemy of the Soviet Army with an unlimited supply of skis; Men of the German Engineers Corps cross a river which is swollen after the first autumn rains, to strengthen bridges linking the German positions on the central front in Russia. by Keystone / Getty Images. October 1942; Russian snipers fighting on the Leningrad front during a blizzard. Photo by Hulton Archive / Getty Images, 1943; German soldiers surrendering to the Russians in Stalingrad, the soldier holding the white flag of surrender is dressed in white so that there could be no doubt of his intentions, a Russian soldier is on the right of the photograph. by Keystone / Getty Images, January 1943.
March 11th, 1978
Modern conflicts in the Middle East:
1978 - Coastal Road massacre; At least 37 are killed and more than 70 are wounded when Al Fatah hijack an Israeli bus, prompting Israel's Operation Litani.
Wikipedia Photo: Middle East satellite image, NASA. ● Camels are seen early morning on a beach in the Marina area of Dubai October 16, 2008. (Steve Crisp, Reuters) ● A portrait of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad burns during clashes between rebels and Syrian troops in Selehattin, near Aleppo, on July 23, 2012. (Bulent Kilic, AFP / GettyImages) ● Egyptians gather in their thousands in Tahrir Square to mark the one year anniversary of the revolution on Jan. 25, 2012 in Cairo Egypt. Tens of thousands have gathered in the square on the first anniversary of the Arab uprising which toppled President Hosni Mubarak. (Jeff J Mitchell, Getty Images) ● Black smoke rises above the Tehran skyline as supporters of Mir Hossein Mousavi burn tires and other material in the streets as they fight running battles with police to protest the declared results of the Iranian presidential election in Tehran, Iran, Saturday, June 13, 2009. (Ben Curtis, AP) ● The Iron Dome defense system fires to interecpt incoming missiles from Gaza in the port town of Ashdod, Thursday, Nov. 15, 2012. (Tsafrir Abayov, AP)
March 11th, 1983
Pakistan Project-706: successfully conducts a cold test of a nuclear weapon.
Wikipedia Photo: Pakistan builds low yield nuclear capability; This still image from a Pakistan military handout video shows a Hatf IX (NASR) missile being fired during a test at an undisclosed location in Pakistan April 19, 2011. credit Reuters ● Rizwan Tabassum, AFP / Getty Images ● AP.
March 11th, 1990
Dissolution of the Soviet Union:
1990 - Lithuania declares itself independent from the Soviet Union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - USSR).
Wikipedia Image: Russia Satellite Map.
March 11th, 2004
Madrid train bombings: Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid, Spain, kill 191 people.
Wikipedia Photo: Madrid train bombings credit The Guardian UK.
March 11th, 2009
Winnenden school shooting: 16 are killed and 11 are injured before recent-graduate Tim Kretschmer shoots and kills himself, leading to tightened weapons restrictions in Germany.
Wikipedia Photo: Winnenden school shooting; German chancellor Angela Merkel (R) and Hans-Juergen Papier (L), president of the German constitutional court, attend a memorial service at the Sankt Karl Barromaeus church on March 21, 2009 in Winnenden near Stuttgart, Germany. source Pool / Getty Images Europe.
March 11th, 2011
Earthquake:
2011 - An earthquake measuring 9.0 in magnitude strikes 130 km (81 mi) east of Sendai, Japan, triggering a tsunami killing thousands of people. This event also triggered the second largest nuclear accident in history, and one of only two events to be classified as a Level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale.
Wikipedia Image: Preliminary Determination of Epicenters / Aleppo Syria; Anchorage, Alaska - March 28, 1964 Prince William Sound USA earthquake and tsunami; 8.9 Mega Earthquake Strikes Japan; Tsunami Swirls Japan's Ibaraki Prefecture March 12 2011. credit NOAA / NGDC, NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, USGS, National Geographics.
March 11th, 2012
Modern conflicts in the Middle East, social unrest and terrorist attacks:
2012 - Kandahar massacre; A U.S. soldier kills 16 civilians in the Panjwayi District of Afghanistan near Kandahar.
Wikipedia Photo: Middle East satellite image, NASA. ● Camels are seen early morning on a beach in the Marina area of Dubai October 16, 2008. (Steve Crisp, Reuters) ● A portrait of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad burns during clashes between rebels and Syrian troops in Selehattin, near Aleppo, on July 23, 2012. (Bulent Kilic, AFP / GettyImages) ● Egyptians gather in their thousands in Tahrir Square to mark the one year anniversary of the revolution on Jan. 25, 2012 in Cairo Egypt. Tens of thousands have gathered in the square on the first anniversary of the Arab uprising which toppled President Hosni Mubarak. (Jeff J Mitchell, Getty Images) ● Black smoke rises above the Tehran skyline as supporters of Mir Hossein Mousavi burn tires and other material in the streets as they fight running battles with police to protest the declared results of the Iranian presidential election in Tehran, Iran, Saturday, June 13, 2009. (Ben Curtis, AP) ● The Iron Dome defense system fires to interecpt incoming missiles from Gaza in the port town of Ashdod, Thursday, Nov. 15, 2012. (Tsafrir Abayov, AP)
March 11th, 2016
2016 São Paulo flood and mudslide: At least 21 people are killed by flooding and mudslides in and around São Paulo, Brazil.
Wikipedia Photo: 2016 São Paulo flood and mudslide: At least 21 people are killed by flooding and mudslides in and around São Paulo, Brazil. (APTN)