First Confidential

THIS DAY IN HISTORY - FEBRUARY 24th

Steve Jobs, Quote

“We think basically you watch television to turn your brain off, and you work on your computer when you want to turn your brain on.”

~ Steve Jobs

Wikipedia (Steve Jobs Steven Paul Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was the Chairman and CEO of Apple Inc., a company he founded with Steve Wozniak in 1976. He was also the CEO of Pixar Animation Studios until it was acquired by the Walt Disney Company in 2006. Jobs was the Walt Disney Company's largest individual shareholder and a former member of its Board of Directors. He is considered to have been a leading figure in both the computer and entertainment industries.)

This Day in History

February 24th, 303

Roman Empire Decline and Fall of Rome

Roman Empire:
303 - Emperor Diocletian, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Empire.
484 - King Huneric removes the Catholic bishops from their offices and banished some to Corsica. A few are martyred, including former proconsul Victorian along with Frumentius and other merchants. They are killed at Hadrumetum after refusing to become Arians.

Wikipedia  Image: Relief from a 3rd-century sarcophagus depicting a battle between Romans and Germanic warriors; the central figure is perhaps the emperor Hostilian / Depiction of the Menorah on the Arch of Titus in Rome.


February 24th, 1826

Burma (Myanmar) is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by India, Bangladesh, China, Laos and Thailand

Treaty of Yandaboo: marks the end of the First Burmese War.

Wikipedia  Photo: Burma: ● Topographic map and location of Burma ● Temples at Mrauk U ● Pagodas and temples in present-day Pagan (Bagan), the capital of the Pagan Kingdom ● Stilt houses at Lake Inle, Burma ● Mae La camp or Burmese refugees, Tak, Thailand


February 24th, 1831

American Indians collage

American Indian Wars:
1831 - The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, the first removal treaty in accordance with the Indian Removal Act, is proclaimed. The Choctaws in Mississippi cede land east of the river in exchange for payment and land in the West.

Wikipedia  Photos: American Indians - Chief Crazy Horse, Tashunca-uitco (1849 - 1877) ● Geronimo Apache Chief (1829 - 1909) ● Indian Chief 'Two Eagles'; Crow Indian Chief ● Snake Cheif ● Band of Chiricahua Apache Indians, followers of legendary renegade Geronimo, attending a peace negotiation after a long struggle against U.S. government attempts to force them onto reservations - Tombstone, Arizona (1886), Life Magazine ● American Horse - Oglala ● Native American Arapaho Indian ● Washakie, Shoshone leader ● Arapaho American Indian Chief.


February 24th, 1863

Arizona: a U.S. state located in the southwestern region of the United States (Arizona is noted for its desert climate in its southern half, where there are very hot summers and quite mild winters. The northern half of Arizona also features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees, a very large, high plateau (the Colorado Plateau) and some mountain ranges—such as the San Francisco Mountains—as well as large, deep canyons, where there is much more moderate weather for three seasons of the year, plus significant snowfalls)

Arizona is organized as a United States territory.

Wikipedia  Photo: Arizona is noted for its desert climate in its southern half, where there are very hot summers and quite mild winters. The northern half of Arizona also features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees, a very large, high plateau (the Colorado Plateau) and some mountain ranges—such as the San Francisco Mountains—as well as large, deep canyons, where there is much more moderate weather for three seasons of the year, plus significant snowfalls.


February 24th, 1881

Russian Federation gains independence from the USSR (Russia Satellite Map) China physical relief map topography

China and Russian sign the Sino-Russian Ili Treaty.

Wikipedia  Image: Russia Satellite Map. ● China physical relief topography map.


February 24th, 1895

Spanish-American War: Satellite image Cuba, credit: Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA / GSFC; A Catalan satirical drawing published in La Campana de Gràcia (1896), criticizing U.S. behavior regarding Cuba; W. A. Rogers. 'The Battle of Desmayo - The Cuban Balaklava' In: Harper's Pictorial History of the War with Spain. Vol. 1. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1899. NYPL, United States History, Local History and Genealogy Division

Spanish–American War: Revolution breaks out in Baire, a town near Santiago de Cuba, beginning the second war for Cuban independence, that ends with the Spanish–American War in 1898.

Wikipedi  Image: Satellite image Cuba, credit: Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA / GSFC; A Catalan satirical drawing published in La Campana de Gràcia (1896), criticizing U.S. behavior regarding Cuba; W. A. Rogers. "The Battle of Desmayo - The Cuban Balaklava" In: Harper's Pictorial History of the War with Spain. Vol. 1. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1899. NYPL, United States History, Local History and Genealogy Division.


February 24th, 1917

World War I: Collage

World War I:
1917 - United States ambassador to the United Kingdom is given the Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany pledges to ensure the return of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas to Mexico, if Mexico declares war on the United States.
Post World War I:
1918 - Last monarch of Estonian Declaration of Independence.

Wikipedia  Photo: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV Tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks, and German Albatros D.III biplanes. National Archives and Records Administration.


February 24th, 1920

Sturmabteilung or SA, whose members were known as 'brownshirts', physically assault Adolf Hitler's opposition after his speech in Munich

The Nazi Party is founded.

Wikipedia  Photo: Hitler and the Brownshirts; German Nazi activist Horst Wessel (left) at the head of a parade of S.A. stormtroopers, or “brownshirts”, in Nuremberg, Germany, 1929.


February 24th, 1942

World War II: Second firestorm raid on Germany, the Royal Air Force conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless World War II: Battle of Leyte Gulf; Battle of Leyte Gulf; The first kamikaze attack: A Japanese plane carrying a 200-kilogram (440 lb) bomb attacks HMAS Australia off Leyte Island World War II: German V1 flying-bomb and V2 Rockets - Preparations for a Salvo Launch of V-2 Rockets in the Heidelager near Blizna (Poland) (1944) World War II: Eastern Front (World War II); was a theatre of World War II between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland, and some other Allies which encompassed Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945

World War II:
1942 - Battle of Los Angeles; one of the largest documented UFO sightings in history; the event lasted into the early hours of February 25, 1942.
1944 - Merrill's Marauders; The Marauders begin their 1,000 mile journey through Japanese occupied Burma.
1945 - Egyptian Premier Ahmed Maher Pasha is killed in Parliament after reading a decree.
Post World War II:
1983 - A special commission of the United States Congress releases a report that condemns the practice of Japanese internment during World War II.

Wikipedia  Photo: Bombing of Dresden in World War II; August Schreitmüller's sculpture 'Goodness' surveys Dresden after a firestorm started by Allied bombers in 1945. USS Bunker Hill was hit by kamikazes piloted by Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa and another airman on 11 May 1945. 389 personnel were killed or missing from a crew of 2,600; Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa, who flew his aircraft into the USS Bunker Hill during a Kamikaze mission on 11 May 1945; Kamikaze Missions - Lt Yoshinori Yamaguchi's Yokosuka D4Y3 (Type 33 Suisei) "Judy" in a suicide dive against USS Essex. The dive brakes are extended and the non-self-sealing port wing tank is trailing fuel vapor and/or smoke 25 November 1944.
German V1 flying-bomb and V2 Rockets - Preparations for a Salvo Launch of V-2 Rockets in the Heidelager near Blizna (Poland) (1944), credit German History in Documents and Images GHDI.

Eastern Front (World War II); Germans race towards Stalingrad. August 1942; Soviet children during a German air raid in the first days of the war, June 1941, by RIA Novosti archive; Soviet sniper Roza Shanina in 1944. About 400,000 Soviet women served in front-line duty units Caucasus Mountains, winter 1942/43; Finnish ski patrol: the invisible enemy of the Soviet Army with an unlimited supply of skis; Men of the German Engineers Corps cross a river which is swollen after the first autumn rains, to strengthen bridges linking the German positions on the central front in Russia. by Keystone / Getty Images. October 1942; Russian snipers fighting on the Leningrad front during a blizzard. Photo by Hulton Archive / Getty Images, 1943; German soldiers surrendering to the Russians in Stalingrad, the soldier holding the white flag of surrender is dressed in white so that there could be no doubt of his intentions, a Russian soldier is on the right of the photograph. by Keystone / Getty Images, January 1943.


February 24th, 1971

Map Satellite India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet AR, Bangladesh

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971:
1971 - The All India Forward Bloc holds an emergency central committee meeting after its chairman, Hemantha Kumar Bose, is killed 3 days earlier. P.K. Mookiah Thevar is appointed as the new chairman.

Wikipedia  Image: Map Satellite India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet AR, Bangladesh.


February 24th, 1980

Miracle on Ice: 1980 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, New York; The March 3, 1980 cover of Sports Illustrated ran without any accompanying captions or headlines ● The U.S. Olympic Hockey Team Defeated the heavy favored, four time Olympic Gold winning Soviet Union Hockey Team in the XIII Winter Olympics

Miracle on Ice: In Lake Placid, New York, the United States hockey team completes their Miracle on Ice by defeating the Finland hockey team 4-2.

Wikipedia  Photo: Miracle on Ice at Lake Placid, New York; The March 3, 1980 cover of Sports Illustrated ran without any accompanying captions or headlines ● The U.S. Olympic Hockey Team Defeated the heavy favored, four time Olympic Gold winning Soviet Union Hockey Team in the XIII Winter Olympics. (The Soviets had not lost an Olympic hockey game since 1964 prior to this 4-3 loss to the U.S. The U.S. team was made up of collegiate players who went on to beat Finland 4-2 to clinch the gold medal.)


February 24th, 1981

Global Earthquake epicenters

Earthquake:
1981 - An earthquake registering 6.7 on the Richter scale hits Athens , killing 16 people and destroying buildings in several towns west of the city.

Wikipedia  Image: Preliminary Determination of Epicenters / Aleppo Syria; Anchorage, Alaska - March 28, 1964 Prince William Sound USA earthquake and tsunami; 8.9 Mega Earthquake Strikes Japan; Tsunami Swirls Japan's Ibaraki Prefecture March 12 2011. credit NOAA / NGDC, NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, USGS, National Geographics.


February 24th, 2008

Cuban Revolution Collage

Cuban Revolution:
2008 - Fidel Castro retires as the President of Cuba after nearly fifty years.

Wikipedia  Photo / Map: The leadership of the Cuban revolution; Fidel Castro played the leading role in the Cuban revolution against Fulgencio Batista (1957) AFP; Fidel Castro leads men in a cheer, Cuba, 1957, Bettmann/ Corbis; Cuban Airlift to the United States (1959 and 1962); Resiste Cuba, homenaje a la revolución cubana y sus héroes música: Protesta-Por Cuba; Che Guevara and Fidel Castro ; Official caption: "Off loading Cuban refugees at the Miami sea buoy", photo dated 4 May 1964; Photo No. 7CGD-050464 #12; Guerrillero Heroico - Alberto Korda's famous photograph of Che Guevara; The popularized cropped version.


February 24th, 2011

Space Shuttle program: STS-114 Mission – Launch of Discovery, NASA's first scheduled flight mission after the Columbia Disaster in 2003 STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery takes off on its maiden voyage

Space Shuttle program: Launch of Discovery, NASA's final Launch of Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103).

Wikipedia  Photo: Discovery STS-114 launches on the Return to Flight Space Shuttle mission, Ben Cooper / Launch Photography.
Space Shuttle Discovery, NASA.


February 24th, 2012

February 23rd 2012 Iraq attacks

February 23rd 2012 Iraq attacks: A series of attacks across Iraq leave at least 83 killed and more than 250 injured.

Wikipedia  Photo: An Iraqi firefighter douses a car as security forces inspect the site of a blast in the northern city of Kirkuk on February 23, 2012.