First Confidential

THIS DAY IN HISTORY - JANUARY 25th

This Day in History

January 25th, 1348

Global Earthquake epicenters

Earthquake:
1348 - Friuli earthquake of 1348; a strong earthquake strikes the South Alpine region of Friuli in modern Italy, causing considerable damage to buildings as far away as Rome.
1999 - Armenia, Colombia earthquake; a magnitude 6.0 earthquake hits western Colombia killing at least 1,000.

Wikipedia  Image: Preliminary Determination of Epicenters / Aleppo Syria; Anchorage, Alaska - March 28, 1964 Prince William Sound USA earthquake and tsunami; 8.9 Mega Earthquake Strikes Japan; Tsunami Swirls Japan's Ibaraki Prefecture March 12 2011. credit NOAA / NGDC, NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, USGS, National Geographics.

January 25th, 1533

Henry VIII; Coat of Arms and Seal of Henry VIII of England; Catherine of Aragon as a young widow, by court painter Michael Sittow, 1502; Anne Boleyn, Henry's second queen; a later copy of an original painted 1534; Jane Seymour<, Henry's third wife; Anne of Cleves, Henry's forth wife by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1539; Catherine Howard<, Henry's fifth wife, by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1540; Catherine Parr, Henry's sixth and last wife

Henry VIII of England secretly marries his second wife Anne Boleyn.

Wikipedia  Painting: Henry VIII Coat of Arms and Seal of Henry VIII of England; Catherine of Aragon as a young widow, by court painter Michael Sittow, 1502; Anne Boleyn, Henry's second queen; a later copy of an original painted 1534; Jane Seymour, Henry's third wife; Anne of Cleves, Henry's forth wife by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1539; Catherine Howard, Henry's fifth wife, by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1540; Catherine Parr, Henry's sixth and last wife.

January 25th, 1554

São Paulo, largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and Americas is founded on January 25th, 1554

Founding of São Paulo city, Brazil.

Wikipedia  Photo: São Paulo; largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and Americas is founded on January 25th, 1554.
São Paulo Cathedral; United Nations Business Center; São Paulo Museum of Art on Paulista Avenue; Museum of Ipiranga; Bandeiras Monument; Octávio Frias de Oliveira Bridge; and downtown skyline from Altino Arantes Building.

January 25th, 1704

French and Indian War Collage: (1754–1763) is the name for the North American theater of the Seven Years' War Anne, Queen of Great Britain; ascended the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland on March 8th, 1702. On May 1st 1707, under the Act of Union, two of her realms, the kingdoms of England and Scotland, were united as a single sovereign state, the Kingdom of Great Britain

French and Indian War - Queen Anne's War:
1704 - Raid on Deerfield, Massachusetts; French forces and Native Americans stage a raid on Deerfield, Massachusetts, killing 56 villagers and taking more than 100 captive.

Wikipedia  Painting: Major Washington and a wounded General Braddock at the Battle of Monongahela. Lemercier, 1854; Portrait of Washington was painted in 1772 by Charles Willson Peale, and shows Washington in uniform as a colonel of the Virginia Regiment. The original hangs in Lee Chapel at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia. It is the earliest known depiction of Washington; British troops under Edward Braddock near Fort Duquesne, Pa., during the French and Indian War. Credit: MPI / Hulton Archive / Getty Images; Indian from Death of General Wolfe painting By Benjamin West in 1770; Death of General James Wolfe by stray cannon shot at Battle of Quebec in 1759 Painted by Benjamin West in 1770.
Anne, Queen of Great Britain; ascended the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland on March 8th, 1702. On May 1st 1707, under the Act of Union, two of her realms, the kingdoms of England and Scotland, were united as a single sovereign state, the Kingdom of Great Britain.

January 25th, 1890

Pioneering female journalist Nellie Bly (Elizabeth Cochrane) begins a successful attempt to travel around the world in less than 80 days. She completes the trip in seventy-two days

Nellie Bly (Elizabeth Jane Cochrane) Pioneering female journalist, completes a 72 day trip around the world - started on November 14th, 1889.

Wikipedia  Photo: Elizabeth Cochrane, (Nellie Bly, 1890).

January 25th, 1918

World War I: Collage World War I: German WWI Zeppelin Bombing Warsaw Poland Postcard (technically a Schutte-Lanz airship)

Post World War I:
1918 - Ukraine declares independence from Bolshevik Russia.
1919 - The League of Nations is founded.

Wikipedia  Photo: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV Tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks, and German Albatros D.III biplanes. National Archives and Records Administration.
Print: German WWI Zeppelin Bombing Warsaw Poland Postcard (technically a Schutte-Lanz airship)

January 25th, 1932

World War II: Second firestorm raid on Germany, the Royal Air Force conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless World War II: Battle of Leyte Gulf; Battle of Leyte Gulf; The first kamikaze attack: A Japanese plane carrying a 200-kilogram (440 lb) bomb attacks HMAS Australia off Leyte Island World War II: German V1 flying-bomb and V2 Rockets - Preparations for a Salvo Launch of V-2 Rockets in the Heidelager near Blizna (Poland) (1944) World War II: Eastern Front (World War II); was a theatre of World War II between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland, and some other Allies which encompassed Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945

Pre World War II:
1932 - Second Sino-Japanese War; Defense of Harbin - The Chinese National Revolutionary Army begins its defense of Harbin.
World War II:
1941 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu; Pope Pius XII elevates the Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands to the dignity of a diocese.
1942 - Thailand to declare war against the United States and United Kingdom.
1945 - Battle of the Bulge ends.
Post World War II:
1946 - The United Mine Workers rejoins the American Federation of Labor.
1955 - The Soviet Union ends state of war with Germany.

Wikipedia  Photo: Bombing of Dresden in World War II; August Schreitmüller's sculpture 'Goodness' surveys Dresden after a firestorm started by Allied bombers in 1945. USS Bunker Hill was hit by kamikazes piloted by Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa and another airman on 11 May 1945. 389 personnel were killed or missing from a crew of 2,600; Ensign Kiyoshi Ogawa, who flew his aircraft into the USS Bunker Hill during a Kamikaze mission on 11 May 1945; Kamikaze Missions - Lt Yoshinori Yamaguchi's Yokosuka D4Y3 (Type 33 Suisei) "Judy" in a suicide dive against USS Essex. The dive brakes are extended and the non-self-sealing port wing tank is trailing fuel vapor and/or smoke 25 November 1944.
German V1 flying-bomb and V2 Rockets - Preparations for a Salvo Launch of V-2 Rockets in the Heidelager near Blizna (Poland) (1944), credit German History in Documents and Images GHDI.

Eastern Front (World War II); Germans race towards Stalingrad. August 1942; Soviet children during a German air raid in the first days of the war, June 1941, by RIA Novosti archive; Soviet sniper Roza Shanina in 1944. About 400,000 Soviet women served in front-line duty units Caucasus Mountains, winter 1942/43; Finnish ski patrol: the invisible enemy of the Soviet Army with an unlimited supply of skis; Men of the German Engineers Corps cross a river which is swollen after the first autumn rains, to strengthen bridges linking the German positions on the central front in Russia. by Keystone / Getty Images. October 1942; Russian snipers fighting on the Leningrad front during a blizzard. Photo by Hulton Archive / Getty Images, 1943; German soldiers surrendering to the Russians in Stalingrad, the soldier holding the white flag of surrender is dressed in white so that there could be no doubt of his intentions, a Russian soldier is on the right of the photograph. by Keystone / Getty Images, January 1943.

January 25th, 1949

The Emmy Award statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom

At the Hollywood Athletic Club the first Emmy Award are presented.

Wikipedia  Photo: The Emmy Award statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom.

January 25th, 1971

A day after murdering Sharon Tate and four others, members of Charles Manson's cult kill Leno and Rosemary LaBianca

Charles Manson and three female "Family" members are found guilty of the 1969 Tate-LaBianca murders.

Wikipedia  Photo: 1969 Tate-LaBianca murders that terrorized Los Angeles

January 25th, 1971

Idi Amin Dada (mid 1920s – 16 August 2003) was the military dictator and President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979 (Amin's rule was characterised by human rights abuse, political repression, ethnic persecution, extrajudicial killings, nepotism, corruption, and gross economic mismanagement (The number of people killed as a result of his regime is estimated by international observers and human rights groups to range from 100,000 to 500,000)

Idi Amin leads a coup deposing Milton Obote and becomes Uganda's president.

Wikipedia  Photo: Idi Amin Dada (mid 1920s – 16 August 2003) was the military dictator and President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979 (Amin's rule was characterised by human rights abuse, political repression, ethnic persecution, extrajudicial killings, nepotism, corruption, and gross economic mismanagement (The number of people killed as a result of his regime is estimated by international observers and human rights groups to range from 100,000 to 500,000)

January 25th, 1981

Jiang Qing</a> at her trial in 1980; ● Jiang Qing on the cover of a movie magazine; ● Mao and Jiang Qing, 1946

Jiang Qing, the widow of Mao Zedong, is sentenced to death.

Wikipedia  Photo: Jiang Qing at her trial in 1980; ● Jiang Qing on the cover of a movie magazine; ● Mao and Jiang Qing, 1946; ● Jiang Qing on the cover of a movie magazine.

January 25th, 1995

Norwegian rocket incident (Black Brant scare): Occurred on January 25, 1995, when a team of Norwegian and American scientists launched a Black Brant XII four-stage sounding rocket from the Andøya Rocket Range off the northwestern coast of Norway (The rocket, which carried scientific equipment to study the aurora borealis over Svalbard, flew on a high northbound trajectory, which included an air corridor that stretches from Minuteman-III nuclear missile silos in North Dakota, all the way to the Russian capital city of Moscow)

Norwegian Rocket Incident: Russia almost launches a nuclear attack after it mistakes Black Brant XII, a Norwegian research rocket, for a U.S. Trident missile.

Wikipedia  Photo: Norwegian rocket incident (Black Brant scare): Occurred on January 25, 1995, when a team of Norwegian and American scientists launched a Black Brant XII four-stage sounding rocket from the Andøya Rocket Range off the northwestern coast of Norway. (The rocket, which carried scientific equipment to study the aurora borealis over Svalbard, flew on a high northbound trajectory, which included an air corridor that stretches from Minuteman-III nuclear missile silos in North Dakota, all the way to the Russian capital city of Moscow.)

January 25th, 2003

Iraq War: The Persian Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Storm (17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991) commonly referred to as simply the Gulf War, was a war waged by a UN-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait

Gulf War - Invasion of Iraq:
2003 - A group of people left London, England for Baghdad, Iraq to serve as human shields to prevent the U.S.-led coalition troops from bombing certain locations.

Wikipedia  Photo: USAF F-15Es, F-16s, and a USAF F-15 flying over burning Kuwaiti oil wells; Iraqi Army T-72 main battle tanks. The T-72 tank was a common Iraqi battle tank used in the Gulf War; F-15Es parked during Operation Desert Shield; The oil fires caused were a result of the scorched earth policy of Iraqi military forces retreating from Kuwait; Aerial view of destroyed Iraqi T-72 tank, BMP-1 and Type 63 armored personnel carriers and trucks on Highway 8 in March 1991.

January 25th, 2006

OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb is a 'super-Earth' extrasolar planet orbiting the star OGLE-2005-BLG-390L, which is situated 21,500 ± 3,300 light years away from Earth, near the center of the Milky Way galaxy

Three independent observing campaigns announce the discovery of OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb through gravitational microlensing, the first cool rocky/icy extrasolar planet around a main-sequence star.

Wikipedia  Photo: OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb is a 'super-Earth' extrasolar planet orbiting the star OGLE-2005-BLG-390L, which is situated 21,500 ± 3,300 light years away from Earth, near the center of the Milky Way galaxy.

January 25th, 2011

Egyptian revolution: Arab Spring; Millions of anti-government protesters demonstrate in Liberation Square, Cairo, Egypt

Arab Spring: Egyptian revolution;
2011 - Begins in Egypt, with a series of street demonstrations, marches, rallies, acts of civil disobedience, riots, labour strikes, and violent clashes in Cairo, Alexandria and throughout other cities in Egypt.

Wikipedia  Photo: Millions of anti-government protesters demonstrate in Liberation Square, Cairo, Egypt.